21. H. decapétalus, L. Stem branching (2--5° high), smooth below; leaves smooth or roughish, ovate, pointed, abruptly contracted into margined petioles; scales lanceolate-linear, elongated, loosely spreading, sometimes foliaceous, the outer longer than the disk; rays about 10.--Copses and low banks of streams; N. Eng. to Minn. and southward, common. 22. H. tuberòsus, L. (JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.) Pubescent or hirsute, 5--10° high; leaves ovate or subcordate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous above, minutely pubescent or cinereous beneath; scales lanceolate, attenuate, little exceeding the disk; rays 12--20. (H. doronicoides, former ed.)--Penn. to Minn., and southward; often cultivated.--Var. SUBCANÉSCENS, Gray; usually dwarf, the lower side of the leaves whitish with soft fine pubescence. Minn. to Mo. 53. VERBESÌNA, L. CROWNBEARD. Heads several--many-flowered; the rays pistillate, or sometimes neutral and sterile, few, or sometimes none. Involucral scales imbricated in 2 or more rows. Receptacle rather convex (conical in n. 3); the chaff concave. Achenes flat (compressed laterally), winged or wingless, 2-awned.--Mostly perennial herbs; the toothed leaves decurrent on the stem. Flowers mostly yellow. ("Name metamorphosed from Verbena.") [*] _Heads narrow, small, cymosely paniculate; rays few, pistillate, usually fertile; involucre erect._ 1. V. occidentàlis, Walt. Stem tall, 4-winged; _leaves opposite_, ovate to oblong-lanceolate, triple-nerved, serrate, pointed at both ends, often pubescent beneath (large and thin); heads in compound corymbs; receptacle flattish; _flowers yellow_; rays 1--5, lanceolate; achenes wingless. (V. Siegesbeckia, _Michx._)--Rich soil, S. Penn. to Ill., and southward. July. 2. V. Virgínica, L. Stem narrowly or interruptedly winged, _downy-pubescent, like the lower surface of the_ ovate-lanceolate feather-veined _alternate leaves_; heads in compound corymbs; receptacle convex; _flowers white_; rays 3--4, oval; achenes winged.--Dry soil, Penn.(?) to Ill., and southward. Aug. [*][*] _Heads broader, solitary or few._ 3. V. helianthoìdes, Michx. Perennial; stem hairy (1--3° high), widely winged by the ovate to the ovate-lanceolate sessile alternate leaves, which are rough above and soft-hairy beneath; involucre appressed; rays 8--15, pistillate or neutral, usually sterile; achenes winged, tipped with 2 fragile awns. (Actinomeris helianthoides, _Nutt._)--Prairies and copses, Ohio to Iowa and southward. July. 4. V. encelioìdes, Benth. & Hook. Annual, branching, 1--2° high, cinereous; leaves alternate, ovate or cordate to deltoid-lanceolate, the petioles mostly winged and auriculate at base; involucral scales linear, equal, foliaceous, spreading; rays numerous, fertile.--Kan. to Tex., and westward. 54. ACTINÓMERIS, Nutt.