4. C. lanceolàta, L. Smooth or hairy (1--2° high), tufted, branched only at the base; leaves all entire (the lower rarely with a pair of small lateral lobes), lanceolate, the lowest oblanceolate or spatulate; outer scales ovate-lanceolate.--Rich or damp soil, Mich. and Ill. to Va., and southward. July. Also cultivated in gardens. Heads showy; rays 1´ long.--Var. ANGUSTIFÒLIA, Torr. & Gray, is a low form with crowded narrow leaves and elongated peduncles.--Var. VILLÒSA, Michx., is hirsute below, the leaves rather broad. 5. C. grandiflòra, Nutt. Mostly glabrous; lower leaves lanceolate and spatulate, entire, the _upper 3--5-parted with lanceolate to linear and sometimes 2--3-parted lobes_; heads as in the last or larger.--S. Mo. to Tex. and Ga. 6. C. pubéscens, Ell. More leafy, 1--4° high, pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves thickish, oblong or the lower oval-obovate and the upper oblong-lanceolate, entire or with 2--4 small lateral lobes; heads usually smaller.--Va. to S. Ill., Mo., and southward. 7. C. auriculàta, Linn. Pubescent or glabrous; stems 1--4° high, branching, sometimes with runners; leaves mostly petioled, the upper oblong or oval-lanceolate, entire; the lower oval or roundish, some of them variously 3--5-lobed or divided; outer scales oblong-linear or lanceolate; achenes narrowly winged and strongly involute.--Rich woods and banks, Va. to Ill., and southward. June--Sept. § 3. _Style-tips cuspidate; achenes oblong, nearly straight, without callus, the wing narrow or none; rays yellow, mostly entire or slightly toothed._ [*] _Outer scales narrow, about the length of the inner, all more or less united at base; rays mostly entire, acute; pappus 2-toothed or none; leaves opposite, sessile, mostly 3-divided, appearing as if whorled; perennial, 1--3° high._ [+] _Leaves 3-cleft, but not to the base._ 8. C. palmàta, Nutt. Nearly smooth, simple; leaves broadly wedge-shaped, rigid; the lobes broadly linear, entire, or the middle one 3-lobed.--Prairies, Mich. to Minn., and southwestward. July. [+][+] _Leaves divided to the base, uppermost and lowest sometimes simple._ 9. C. senifòlia, Michx. Plant minutely soft-pubescent; leaves each divided into 3 sessile _ovate-lanceolate entire leaflets_, therefore appearing like 6 in a whorl.--Sandy woods, Va. and southward. July. Var. stellàta, Torr. & Gray. Glabrous, and the leaves narrower.--Va., Ky., and southward. 10. C. delphinifòlia, Lam. Glabrous or nearly so; leaves divided into 3 sessile _leaflets_ which are 2--5-_parted, their divisions lance-linear_ (1--3´´ broad), rather rigid; disk brownish.--Pine woods, Va. and southward. July. 11. C. verticillàta, L. Glabrous; leaves divided into 3 sessile _leaflets_ which are 1--2-_pinnately parted into narrowly linear or filiform divisions_.--Damp soil, from Ont. and Mich. to Md., Ark., and southward. Cultivated in old gardens, but not showy. July--Sept.