Heads globular, many-flowered, radiate, the long and narrowly wedge-shaped rays neutral. Involucre short, of many thickish small scales imbricated in 3 or 4 rows, the outer obovate and obtuse. Receptacle strongly convex, with deep honeycomb-like cells containing the obconical or oblong silky-villous achenes; pappus of 7--9 lance-oblong erect chaffy scales.--A perennial herb, smoothish, with slender simple stems (2--3° high), bearing alternate oblanceolate leaves, and a large showy long-pedunculate head. Rays yellow (1´ long); the disk often turning dark purple. (Named for the late _Dr. William Baldwin_.) 1. B. uniflòra, Nutt.--Borders of swamps, Va. (?) and southward. Aug. 59. MARSHÁLLIA, Schreb. Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, the corolla-lobes slender and spreading. Involucral scales linear-lanceolate, foliaceous, erect, in one or two rows, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conical, with narrowly linear rigid chaff. Achenes top-shaped, 5-angled; pappus of 5 or 6 membranaceous and pointed chaffy scales.--Smooth and low perennials, with alternate entire 3-nerved leaves, and long-pedunculate heads (like those of a Scabious) terminating the simple stem or branches. Flowers purplish; anthers blue. (Named for _Humphrey Marshall_, of Pennsylvania, author of _Arbustum Americanum_, one of the earliest works on the trees and shrubs of this country.) 1. M. latifòlia, Pursh. Stems leafy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed, sessile.--Dry soil, Va. and southward. 2. M. cæspitòsa, Nutt. Stem commonly leafy only at base; leaves narrowly oblanceolate to linear or the radical spatulate, obtuse.--Kan. to Tex. 60. GALINSÒGA, Ruiz & Pavon. Heads several-flowered, radiate; rays 4--5, small, roundish, pistillate. Involucre of 4 or 5 ovate thin scales. Receptacle conical, with narrow chaff. Achenes angled; pappus of small oblong cut-fringed chaffy scales (sometimes wanting).--Annual herbs, with opposite triple-nerved thin leaves, and small heads; disk yellow; rays whitish. (Named for _Galinsoga_, a Spanish botanist.) G. PARVIFLÒRA, Cav. Smoothish (1° high); leaves ovate, acute, somewhat toothed; scales of the pappus 8--16.--Waste places, especially eastward; spreading from year to year. (Adv. from S. Amer.) 61. HYMENOPÁPPUS, L'Her. Heads many-flowered; flowers all tubular and perfect, with large revolute corolla-lobes. Involucral scales 6--12, loose and broad, thin, the upper part petal-like (usually white). Receptacle small, naked. Achenes top-shaped, with a slender base, striate; pappus of 15--20 blunt scales in a single row, very thin (whence the name of the genus, from ὑμήν, _membrane_, and πάππος, _pappus_.)--Biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate mostly dissected leaves, and corymbed small heads of usually whitish flowers. [*] _Pappus of very small roundish nerveless scales._