3. H. venòsum, L. (RATTLESNAKE-WEED.) Stem or _scape_ (1--2° high) _naked or with a single leaf, smooth and slender, forking above into a spreading loose corymb_; leaves all radical or near the base, obovate or oblong, nearly entire, scarcely petioled, thin and pale, purplish and glaucous underneath (often hairy along the midrib), marked above with purple veins; pedicels very slender; involucre 12--35-flowered; _achenes linear_.--Dry plains and pine woods; common from the Atlantic to Minn. and Iowa. 4. H. Mariànum, Willd. _Somewhat leafy_, 2--3° high, hairy below; leaves obovate-oblong, narrowed below, _the radical petiolate, rarely purplish-veiny_; heads 20--40-flowered in a very open cymose panicle, _the slender inflorescence commonly whitish-tomentulose and sparingly glandular-hispid_.--Open woods and clearings; R. I. to western N. Y., and southward.--Var. SPATHULÀTUM, Gray, a mountain form with leaves all or mainly radical and very hairy. On Two-top Mountain, Penn. 5. H. scàbrum, Michx. Stem rather stout (1--3° high), leafy, _rough-hairy_, the stiff panicle at first racemose, at length rather corymbose; the thickish pedicels and the hoary 40--50-flowered involucre densely clothed with dark glandular bristles; leaves obovate or oval, nearly entire, hairy.--Dry open woods; common. [*][*] _Achenes tapering upward; heads 15--30-flowered in a narrow or virgate panicle._ 6. H. Gronòvii, L. (HAIRY H.) Stem wand-like, mostly simple (1--3° high), _leafy and very hairy below, naked above_ and forming a long and narrow panicle; leaves oblong or obovate, nearly entire, hairy; slender peduncles and involucre sparingly glandular-bristly; _achenes with a very taper summit_.--Dry sterile soil; common, especially southward. 7. H. longípilum, Torr. (LONG-BEARDED H.) Stem wand-like, simple, stout (2--3° high), _very leafy toward the base, naked above_, and bearing a small racemed panicle; the lower portion and both sides of the oblong-lanceolate or spatulate entire leaves thickly _clothed with very long and upright bristles_ (often 1´ long); peduncles and involucre glandular-bristly; _achenes narrowed at the apex_.--Prairies, Mich. to Minn., and southwestward. 90. CRÈPIS, L. Involucre few--many-flowered, commonly of a single row of equal scales, often becoming thickened at base. Pappus copious, white and soft. Annuals or biennials, not pilose. Otherwise as Hieracium. (The Greek name of some plant, from κρηπίς, _a sandal_.) C. BIÉNNIS, L. Somewhat pubescent, 2° high, leafy; leaves runcinate-pinnatifid; heads rather large, corymbose; achenes oblong, glabrous.--Vt., Mass.; rare. (Nat. from Eu.) C. TECTÒRUM, L. Slender, branching from the base, 1° high; leaves narrow, runcinate; heads small, in a loose panicle; achenes fusiform, the ribs scabrous.--In fields, Lansing, Mich., and on ballast. (Nat. from Eu.) 91. PRENÁNTHES, Vaill. RATTLESNAKE-ROOT.