2. A. álba, Bigel. (WHITE BANEBERRY.) Leaflets more incised and sharply toothed; _raceme oblong; petals slender_, mostly truncate at the end, appearing to be transformed stamens; _pedicels thickened in fruit_, as large as the peduncle and red, the globular-oval _berries white_.--Rich woods, flowering a week or two later than the other, and more common westward and southward.--White berries rarely occur with slender pedicels, also red berries with thick pedicels; but these are perhaps the result of crossing. 21. HYDRÁSTIS, Ellis. ORANGE-ROOT. YELLOW PUCCOON. Sepals 3, petal-like, falling away when the flower opens. Petals none. Pistils 12 or more in a head, 2-ovuled; stigma flat, 2-lipped. Ovaries becoming a head of crimson 1--2-seeded berries in fruit.--A low perennial herb, sending up in early spring, from a thick and knotted yellow rootstock, a single radical leaf and a simple hairy stem, which is 2-leaved near the summit and terminated by a single greenish-white flower. (Name unmeaning.) 1. H. Canadénsis, L. (GOLDEN SEAL, etc.) Leaves rounded, heart-shaped at the base, 5--7-lobed, doubly serrate, veiny, when full grown in summer 4--9´ wide.--Rich woods, N. Y. to Minn., and southward. 22. XANTHORRHÌZA, Marshall. SHRUB YELLOW-ROOT. Sepals 5, regular, spreading, deciduous. Petals 5, much smaller than the sepals, concave and obscurely 2-lobed, raised on a claw. Stamens 5 to 10. Pistils 5--15, with 2 pendulous ovules. Pods 1-seeded, oblong, the short style becoming dorsal.--A low shrubby plant; the bark and long roots deep yellow and bitter. Flowers polygamous, brown purple, in compound drooping racemes, appearing along with the 1--2-pinnate leaves from large terminal buds in early spring. (Name compounded of ξανθός, _yellow_, and ῥίζα, _root_.) 1. X. apiifòlia, L'Her. Stems clustered, 1--2° high; leaflets cleft and toothed.--Shady banks of streams, Penn. to S. W. New York and Ky., and south in the mountains. The rootstocks of this, and also of the last plant, were used as a yellow dye by the aborigines. * * * * * NIGÉLLA DAMASCÈNA, L., the FENNEL-FLOWER, which offers a remarkable exception in having the pistils partly united into a compound ovary, so as to form a several-celled capsule, grows nearly spontaneously around gardens. ORDER 2. MAGNOLIÀCEÆ. (MAGNOLIA FAMILY.) _Trees or shrubs, with the leaf-buds covered by membranous stipules, polypetalous, hypogynous, polyandrous, polygynous; the calyx and corolla colored alike, in three or more rows of three, and imbricated (rarely convolute) in the bud._--Sepals and petals deciduous. Anthers adnate. Pistils many, mostly packed together and covering the prolonged receptacle, cohering with each other, and in fruit forming a sort of fleshy or dry cone. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel, anatropous; albumen fleshy; embryo minute.--Leaves alternate, not toothed, marked with minute transparent dots, feather-veined. Flowers single, large. Bark aromatic and bitter.