B. (or SINÀPIS) NÌGRA, Koch. (BLACK MUSTARD.) Pods smooth (½´ long), 4-cornered (the valves only 1-nerved), erect on appressed pedicels forming a slender raceme, tipped with a stout persistent style; seeds dark brown, smaller and more pungent than in the last; lower leaves with a large terminal lobe and a few small lateral ones.--Fields and waste places. (Adv. from Eu.) B. CAMPÉSTRIS, L., in the form of the RUTABAGA and the TURNIP, sometimes persists a year or two in neglected grounds. 18. CAPSÉLLA, Medic. SHEPHERD'S PURSE. Pod obcordate-triangular, flattened contrary to the narrow partition; the valves boat-shaped, wingless. Seeds numerous. Cotyledons incumbent.--Annuals; flowers small, white. (Name a diminutive of _capsa_, a box.) C. BURSA-PASTÒRIS, Moench. Root-leaves clustered, pinnatifid or toothed; stem-leaves arrow-shaped, sessile.--Waste places; the commonest of weeds. April--Sept. (Nat. from Eu.) 19. THLÁSPI, Tourn. PENNYCRESS. Pod orbicular, obovate, or obcordate, flattened contrary to the narrow partition, the midrib or keel of the boat-shaped valves extended into a wing. Seeds 2--8 in each cell. Cotyledons accumbent. Petals equal.--Low plants, with root-leaves undivided, stem-leaves arrow-shaped and clasping, and small white or purplish flowers. (Ancient Greek name, from θλάω, _to crush_, from the flattened pod.) T. ARVÉNSE, L. (FIELD P. or MITHRIDATE MUSTARD.) A smooth annual, with broadly winged pod ½´ in diameter, several seeded, deeply notched at top; style minute.--Waste places; rarely naturalized. (Nat. from Eu.) 20. LEPÍDIUM, Tourn. PEPPERWORT. PEPPERGRASS. Pod roundish, much flattened contrary to the narrow partition; the valves boat-shaped and keeled. Seeds solitary in each cell, pendulous. Cotyledons incumbent, or in n. 1 accumbent! Flowers small, white or greenish. (Name from λεπίδιον, _a little scale_, alluding to the small flat pods.)--Ours are annuals or biennials, except the last. [*] _Leaves all with a tapering base, the upper linear or lanceolate and entire, the lower and often the middle ones incised or pinnatifid; pods orbicular or oval, with a small notch at the top; the style minute or none; stamens only 2._ 1. L. Virgínicum, L. (WILD PEPPERGRASS.) _Cotyledons accumbent_ and seed minutely margined; _pod marginless_ or obscurely margined at the top; petals present, except in some of the later flowers.--June--Sept. A common roadside weed, which has immigrated from farther south. 2. L. intermèdium, Gray. _Cotyledons incumbent_ as in the following; _pod minutely wing-margined at the top_; petals usually minute or wanting; otherwise nearly as in n. 1.--Dry places, from western N. Y. and N. Ill., north and westward. L. RUDERÀLE, L. More diffuse, the smaller and oval _pods and the seeds marginless; petals always wanting_.--Roadsides, near Boston, Philadelphia, etc.; not common. (Adv. from Eu.) [*][*] _Stem-leaves with a sagittate partly clasping base, rather crowded._