Var. renifòlia, Gray. Slightly or strongly pubescent with soft spreading hairs; leaves round-reniform; petals usually beardless. (V. renifolia, _Gray_.)--Maine to Mass., western N. Y., Lake Superior, etc. 8. V. primulæfòlia, L. (PRIMROSE-LEAVED V.) Smooth or a little pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate, abrupt or somewhat heart-shaped at the base; petals often acute, the lateral ones usually sparingly bearded.--Damp or dry soil, N. Eng. to Fla., toward the coast. 9. V. lanceolàta, L. (LANCE-LEAVED VIOLET.) Smooth; leaves lanceolate, erect, blunt, tapering into a long-margined petiole, almost entire; petals beardless.--Damp soil; common, especially eastward. [=][=][=] _Flowers yellow._ 10. V. rotundifòlia, Michx. (ROUND-LEAVED VIOLET.) Leaves round-ovate, heart-shaped, slightly crenate; lateral petals bearded and marked with brown lines; spur very short.--Cold woods, Maine to Minn., and south along the Alleghanies.--Smoothish; leaves 1´ broad at flowering, increasing to 3 or 4´ in the summer, then lying flat on the ground, shining above. [*][*] _Leafy-stemmed; all perennial with short rootstocks._ [+] _Low, at first nearly stemless; flowers yellow; stigma concave, bearded._ 11. V. Nuttàllii, Pursh. Pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaves ovate to oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire or slightly crenate, decurrent on the petiole.--Central Kansas and westward. [+][+] _Stems erect, without root-leaves; stipules entire; spur very short; stigma beakless, pubescent._ [++] _Stems naked below; flowers yellow._ 12. V. pubéscens, Ait. (DOWNY YELLOW V.) Softly pubescent (6--12´ high); _leaves very broadly heart-shaped_, toothed, somewhat pointed; stipules ovate or ovate-lanceolate, large; lower petals veined with purple, capsule oblong to globular, glabrous or tomentose.--Woods; common.--Var. SCABRIÚSCULA, Torr. & Gray, smaller and greener, slightly pubescent (4--10´ high).--R. I. to Ky., and southwestward. 13. V. hastàta, Michx. (HALBERD-LEAVED V.) Nearly glabrous, slender (4--10´ high); _stem-leaves halberd-shaped_ or oblong-heart-shaped, slightly serrate, acute; stipules ovate, small.--Woods, N. Ohio (near Painesville, _Miss Shattuck_), mountains of Penn., and southward; rare. [++][++] _Stems more leafy and prolonged; flowers white or purplish._ 14. V. Canadénsis, L. (CANADA V.) Upright (1--2° high); leaves heart-shaped, pointed, serrate; stipules ovate-lanceolate, entire; petals white or whitish inside, the upper ones mostly tinged with violet beneath, the lateral bearded.--Rich woods; common northward and along the Alleghanies. May--Aug. [+][+][+] _Stems erect or spreading (at first nearly acaulescent); stipules fringe-toothed; spur oblong to cylindrical; stigma naked._