====================+========+========+========+=========+=========+ | Puerto | Ariba | Ariba | Caracas | Caracas | Per cent. |Cabello | I | II | I | II | ====================+========+========+========+=========+=========+ Ash | 3·62 | 3·701 | 3·49 | 3·845 | 3·62 | Soluble in water | 1·72 | 1·423 | 1·315 | 1·76 | 1·62 | Insoluble in water | 1·90 | 2·273 | 2·175 | 2·08 | 2·00 | Alkali (potash) | 0·603 | 0·323 | 0·388 | 0·8725 | 0·4478 | ————————————————————+————————+————————+————————+————————-+————————-+ Alkali in powdered | | | | | | cacao with 33⅓ | | | | | | percent of fat | | | | | | calculated | 0·808 | 0·436 | 0·52 | 1·169 | 0·600 | Ash, calculated as | | | | | | above | 4·822 | 4·959 | 4·676 | 5·152 | 4·85 | ====================+===========+==========+======== | Guayaquil | Trinidad | St. Per cent. | | | Thomé ====================+===========+==========+======== Ash | 3·926 | 3·277 | 3·27 Soluble in water | 1·476 | 1·727 | 1·34 Insoluble in water | 2·45 | 1·55 | 1·93 Alkali (potash) | 0·402 | 0·4209 | 0·4048 ————————————————————+——————————-+——————————+———————— Alkali in powdered | | | cacao with 33⅓ | | | percent of fat | | | calculated | 0·54 | 0·594 | 0·542 Ash, calculated as | | | above | 5·26 | 4·39 | 4·38 These tables show that: 1. The ash of cocoa powder (containing 33⅓ percent of fat) is never more than 5·5 percent. 2. The maximum amount of alkali (calculated as potash) is 1·2 percent. 3. The ash soluble in water is always less than that insoluble in water. A reverse proportion shows a larger amount of alkali, that is, alkali has been added. In addition to the importance of determining the amount of alkali in cocoa powder, it is very desirable that analytical chemists should agree as to the methods to be adopted, since the determinations of alkali seldom agree and may differ as much as 0·3 percent.[168] The method of calculating the results should also be defined, that is to say, an agreement should be arrived at as to whether the alkali should be expressed as K_{2}O, K_{2}CO_{3} or Na_{2}CO_{3}.[169]