The result obtained by the levigation method can be controlled by the previously mentioned methods of Weender or Filsinger, as well as by the determination of any silica in the ash (page 256). Latterly the admixture of cacao husk with the cheaper kinds of cocoa powder has largely increased, therefore the determination of the amount of husk in cacao preparations has become of special importance. 10. ~Determination of sugar.~ There are three methods for the quick determination of sugar, two of them polarimetric and the third consisting of taking the specific gravity of the solution obtained by shaking up the cacao with water. It is as well to note that in all these methods the result includes the normal amount of sugar in cacao, which Welmans[191] gives at 0·75-2 in cocoa and 0·4-1·0 percent in chocolate. That source of error is of no special significance, for, as Welmans has shown, it is compensated for in the course of the succeeding operations, so that these methods are of service. For official investigations under this head the statutes of May 31st 1891 and May 27th 1896 respectively together with the instructions issued by the council concerning the carrying out of the process (Berlin, July 9th 1896, and Nov. 8th 1897, E) constitute a standard. They read as follows: “Half the normal weight (13·024 g) of chocolate is damped with alcohol and then warmed for 15 minutes with 30 ccm of water on the water bath. While still hot, it is poured on to a wet filter, the residue again treated with hot water, and until the filtrate nearly amounts to 100 ccm. The filtrate is to be mixed with 5 ccm of basic lead acetate solution, allowed to stand for a quarter of an hour, then clarified with alum and a little alumina, made up to a definite volume (110 ccm) and polarised.” But it is to be noted that these instructions are not exhaustive enough, and prove particularly deficient as regards the employment of water, also through their non-observation of the errors which can arise in using basic lead acetate, though it is true that these are only of a minor character. The Berlin chemist Jeserich (ex officio) had a rather hot dispute with the official over the matter, who declared that his results were false in spite of all protest, until he finally proved that it was not these results but the process advised by law which lacked correctness. He described the rencontre in very lucid if drastic detail to an assembly of official chemists.