During the prolonged beating the pulp became very soft and "greasy," and when made up into sheets the paper as it dried exhibited remarkable differences in shrinkage, the dry sheets obtained from pulp beaten thirty-seven hours being much smaller than those obtained from pulp beaten only four or six hours. The actual shrinkage is shown in the following table:-- ------+---------------+----------------+--------------+---------- | | | Relative | Hours.| Area of Sheet.| Loss of Area. | Areas. |Shrinkage | Sq. mm. | Sq. mm. | Deckle 100 |per cent. ------+---------------+----------------+--------------+---------- 0 | 26,384·0 | -- | 100·0 | -- 4 | 26,076·0 | 308·0 | 98·9 | 1·1 6 | 25,520·1 | 863·9 | 96·7 | 3·3 8 | 25,160·0 | 1,224·0 | 95·4 | 4·6 10 | 24,794·8 | 1,589·2 | 93·9 | 6·1 13 | 24,467·4 | 1,916·6 | 92·8 | 7·2 15 | 24,215·2 | 2,168·8 | 91·8 | 8·2 17 | 24,024·0 | 2,360·0 | 90·9 | 9·1 19 | 23,616·2 | 2,767·8 | 89·6 | 10·4 21 | 23,616·0 | 2,768·0 | 89·6 | 10·4 23 | 23,535·7 | 2,848·3 | 89·3 | 10·7 25 | 23,329·9 | 3,054·1 | 88·5 | 11·5 27 | 22,920·5 | 3,463·5 | 86·9 | 13·1 29 | 22,831·2 | 3,552·8 | 86·5 | 13·5 31 | 22,492·9 | 3,891·1 | 85·3 | 14·7 33 | 21,917·2 | 4,466·8 | 83·1 | 16·9 35 | 21,226·1 | 5,157·9 | 80·5 | 19·5 37 | 20,778·8 | 5,605·2 | 78·8 | 21·2 ------+---------------+----------------+--------------+---------- If these results are plotted in the form of a curve the relation between the period of beating and the shrinkage in area is clearly shown. For the first twenty hours the shrinkage is proportional to the period of beating, after which the curve assumes an irregular shape, showing a tendency for shrinkage to proceed at a faster rate. _Weight and Substance of the Paper._--The shrinkage of the paper after prolonged beating indicates a closer and denser sheet, so that for papers of equal thickness the weight per unit area was much greater in the case of the pulp beaten for the full period. The results obtained are very interesting, and the following summary for a few of the readings obtained will serve to show the alteration effected.