Cellulose, 21 derivatives of, 29 hydrolysis of, 27, 229 oxidation of, 28 percentage of, in plants, 23 properties of, 26 Chemical residues in paper, 238 wood pulp, 104 Chemicals, 153 China clay, 117, 150, 171, 204, 234 Coal consumption, 214 Coated paper, 142 Cold ground pulp, 100 Colophony, 169 Colour of paper, fading of, 203, 241 matching, 205 unevenness of, 203 Colouring of paper pulp, 199 analysis of, 206 Cotton, 22, 69 Cyanotype papers, 140 Cylinder machine, 131 Density of paper, 181 Deterioration of paper, 228, 246 Digesters, 52, 89, 109 Dilution tables, 157, 163 Duplex boards, 134 Dyeing of paper, 199 Eibel patent, 223 Electrical power, 219 Electrolytic bleaching, 57 Engine sizing, 117, 167 Esparto, 72 bleaching of, 83 composition of, 73 test for, in papers, 87 yield of, 77 Evaporation apparatus, 76, 79 tables, 81 Featherweight papers, 232 Fibres for paper-making, 38 examination of, 43 reagents for staining, 71 Flax, 40 Fourdrinier machine, early, 16 French chalk, 173 Gas producer, 218 Gelatine, 63, 164, 237 Glue, 137, 142, 235 Grinders, 100 History of paper, 1 Hoernle, 7 Hollander, 16, 59, 176, 185 Hot ground pulp, 100 Imitation art paper, 145, 235 Kraft paper, 129 parchment, 137 Improvements in paper-making, 214 Iron in paper, 229 Kraft papers, 128 Laid papers, 66 Lime, 52, 157 bisulphite, 159 sulphate, 173 Linen fibre, 70 Loading, 171 M. G. caps, 130 Machinery, 214, 224 Manila paper, 127 Mechanical pulp, 95 detection of, 121 Metanil yellow, 122 Middles, 134 Mitscherlich pulp, 107 Moisture, influence of, 243 Multiple effect evaporation, 79 Neutral size, 169 Newspaper, 116, 215 Output of a paper machine, 122 Paper, art, 142 ash in, 171 brown, 127 bulk of, 231 chemical residues in, 238 clay in, 234 colour of, 199, 241 colour in, analysis of, 207 deterioration of, 229 fibres for, 38 history of, 1, 5 iron in, 239 permanence of, 230 rags used for, 47 sizing of, 63 special kinds of, 137 standards of quality, 246 strength, of, 184, 231 surface of, 233 volume composition of, 233 Paper machine, early, 16 output of, 122 Papier-maché, 150 Papyrus, 2, 42 Paraffin paper, 148 Parchment, 4 paper, 137 Peat, 41 Phloroglucine, 121 Pigments, 199 Porion evaporator, 76 Presse-pâte, 86 Prussian blue, 200 Rag paper, manufacture of, 47 origin of, 5 Rags, bleaching, 55 boiling, 51 classification, 48 sorting, 48 Ramie, 40 Records, early, 1 Recovered ash, 158 Recovery processes, 78, 113 Refiners, 90 Rope browns, 127 Rosin size, 117, 169, 236 Screens, 102 Sealings, 129 Shrinkage of paper, 181 Sizing of paper, 63, 117, 167