In case pregnancy has occurred before the deformity is discovered, and it is then found that a _full grown_ child cannot be born, premature delivery must be brought on; or, in other words, the Uterus must be made to expel the child before the full term, while it is yet small enough to pass through the Pelvis. This operation is of course only allowable when needed to preserve life, or to escape great suffering and danger. It must always be decided upon by the medical man, and performed by him, so that a description of it is uncalled for here. In Europe it is quite common, and nothing has tended so much to do away with those disgusting and horrid operations, on mother and child, which were formerly absolutely necessary in cases of deformity. If it is found at the first delivery of a female, or before, that she cannot bear a living child at full term, artificial delivery is accomplished at _seven_ or _eight_ months, thus avoiding all the danger to the mother, and _frequently preserving the child_. In the case of the _dwarf_ before referred to, when she became pregnant the second time, M. Dubois brought on premature delivery, and the child was _born alive_, with but little difficulty. According to statistics it appears that, when artificial premature delivery has been induced, in _one hundred and sixty-one cases_ only _eight mothers_ have died, and all but _forty-six_ of the infants were born alive. Of the whole number of children _seventy-three_ continued to live; and of the eight mothers five died from other causes, leaving but _three_ whose death resulted from the operation. Now when the fearful number of deaths from instruments, and other operations, necessary at full term, is recollected, the advantage of this practice will be evident. In the Cesarian operation for instance, which is often the only remaining resort, but _one_ female out of _six_ recovers. The delivery should be postponed as long as possible, so as to give the best chance for the child living. This must of course be decided upon after the size of the pelvis is ascertained. Seven months is the earliest time at which the fœtus is viable, and it is much better left till eight, if the size of the parts will allow of its birth then. In case they are so small that it cannot be born even at seven months, we have our choice, as M. Chailly remarks, _between the dreadful Cesarian operation at full term, and producing early miscarriage_. M. Dubois seems to recommend premature delivery in nearly all cases, if the smallest diameter is _under three inches_; because, as he remarks, spontaneous delivery at _full term_ is then a very rare exception, and the danger and suffering to the mother is so great. He also recommends it when there are tumors, and even when the female is afflicted with any acute disease. Of course it is always necessary, before operating, to be sure that the child is alive.