11. The _holpop_, literally "head of the mat," perhaps because when the company sat around or on the mat his place was at its head, was the official who had charge of the _tunkul_ or wooden drum, with which public meetings, dances, summons to war, etc. were proclaimed, and with which the priests accompanied their voices in reciting the ancient chants (Cogolludo, _Hist. de Yucatan_, Lib. IV, cap. V). He was called _ahholpop_, and had charge of the public hall of the village, the _popolna_, "casa de comunidad," in which public business was transacted (_Diccionario de Motul_, MS.)[TN-29] The _ahkulel_ was the official second in command in a town or district. He acted in place of the _batab_ or the _ahcuchcab_. The verb _kulel_ means to transact business for another, to act as deputy. _Ahkin_ was the ordinary word for priest in the old language; kin, sun, day, time; _ahkin_, he who was familiar with the days and times, with the calendar, and also with the past and the future. 12. _U chun u thanob_; the _chunthan_ or _ahchunthan_, literally, he who has the first word, was the member of the village who took the leading part in matters of business. The office and name are still in existence in the native village communities of Yucatan. (See Garcia y Garcia, _Historia de la Guerra de Castas en Yucatan_, Introd., p. xli.) The _ahkul_ was an envoy or messenger, who carried the orders of the prince to his people and to foreign princes. The title was usually prefixed to the name of the person. The _holcan_, "head caller," was a military official in each village, whose duty it was when war was announced to summon the men in his district capable of bearing arms (see Landa, _Relacion_, p. 174). The Spanish writers translate it by _alferez_. The _nacon_ was an elective war chief, who held his position for the term of three years (Landa, _Relacion_, pp. 161, 173). The name is derived from _nacal_, to rise, go up, and hence as a delegate or elected representative (as is stated by the _Dicc. de Motul_). 13. The _nucteelob_ were the _ancianos_, the wise old men of the village; _manak_, a trace or sign that appears at a distance and then disappears. _U manak uinic ti ulah_=I saw the trace of a man to-day, but it is no longer visible. _Diccionario de Motul, MS._ "The province of Ceh Pech" was that in which Merida was: "_u tzucub ahcehpechob_, la provincia de los Peches al lado de Motul y Cumkal." _Dicc. de Motul, MS._ 14. _Kah_, _pinole_, is a drink made by mixing the meal of roasted maize with water. The word _tuce_ (or, it may be, _tuze_) I do not find in any dictionary, nor does Avila translate it. The passage is an obscure one. Avila renders it "cuando fuimos à la guerra, bebian piñole y _tuce_, porque estaban enojados con los Cristianos." Possibly these were two articles of food especially used on warlike raids.