The Meaning of EvolutionSchmucker, Samuel Christian
History
The Meaning of Evolution
Schmucker, Samuel Christian
Evolution
But there is another tendency of animals which leads them when
frightened by their enemies to remain quiet. If this impulse is obeyed
thoroughly enough, it is easy to see how the owner of this habit might
entirely escape detection by his enemy. Any restless animal unable to
restrain his nervous agitation naturally betrays his presence and is
picked off. The result of evolution along this line would be the exact
reverse of the preceding. Those that lay most absolutely quiet would
be the parents of succeeding generations, while those who were slow in
coming to rest, or were indifferent about remaining quiet, were picked
off, and their tendency eliminated from the future of the species. In
this way many animals have come to keep entirely quiet in the presence
of danger. It is not a sign of high intelligence. As a matter of fact,
it is rather a stupid procedure, so far as the animal itself is
concerned, but it is a preserving stupidity, and many animals have it.
The "June Bug" (which is not a bug, but a beetle, and arrives in May)
has this interesting habit of keeping quiet. If in its flight it
strikes the globe of an electric light, it falls at once to the
ground, and remains perfectly quiet for a time. After a short interval
it recovers and starts out to regain its previous activity. But this
recovery is by slow stages, and the whole procedure on its part looks
exceedingly stupid.
The little snake with flattened and expanded head, known as the
blowing viper, or puff adder, is one of the most amusing
representatives of the tendency to "play dead" that could well be
found. If you strike him the faintest blow with the lightest stick, he
at once goes into apparent convulsions, in which he seems to suffer
the greatest agony. Then, throwing himself upon his back, he, to all
appearances, yields up the ghost. If, however, you retire but a slight
distance and keep your eye upon him, you find that his ghost returns
after a comparatively short absence, and he slinks away out of danger.
This is the most effective exhibition of this kind with which I am
acquainted.
As for the habit of "playing 'possum" on the part of our opossum, the
trick would seem to be particularly inane. The truth of the matter is,
what is attributed to an unusual brilliancy on the part of the
creature is positively unusual witlessness. The animal has an
exceedingly small brain, as compared with that of a dog of similar
size, and to anyone who knows brains at all this particular organ
would not be looked upon as furnishing its owner much ability. The
fact is that the opossum has exceedingly small wit, and this little
deserts it in an emergency, as a result of which he grows helpless and
motionless. This is often supposed to indicate great wisdom. There may
be wisdom in it, but it is the wisdom that lies back of all nature. It
certainly is not the wisdom of the opossum.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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