The Meaning of EvolutionSchmucker, Samuel Christian
History
The Meaning of Evolution
Schmucker, Samuel Christian
Evolution
The same sort of activity has resulted in the peculiar green color of
the katydid. This creature lives chiefly upon the leaves of trees and
shrubs. This insect is so large that, even though it is leaflike in
color, it might still be conspicuous. As a result those katydids whose
wings were most like leaves in form were least likely to be picked up
by the passing bird. This sort of protective appearance is intensified
by exactly the same means as that which brought about protective
coloration. The katydid least leaflike in appearance was eaten first.
Thus those most leaflike remain until the last, and are most likely to
produce young. Again, it was not the fact that they lived among leaves
which made them look leaflike, but it is because they look like leaves
that they escaped being devoured.
The katydid has materially assisted in its own preservation by being
active chiefly at night. In the daytime it keeps comparatively quiet.
Thus seated upon a twig, especially if hidden among the leaves, it is
almost unnoticeable. At night, however, it moves about more freely,
seeking its food and eventually its mate. At such times it becomes
distinctly more conspicuous because its wings are steadily fluttering.
The hind wings are filmy and are very light green. The creature looks
most ghost-like as it flies through the evening air.
A very similar history lies back of the coloring of the ordinary toad.
Though descended from the frog, and originally a creature of the
water, the toad has long since adapted itself to live upon the dry
ground. It still produces its young in the water as it did when a
frog. Whereas the childhood of the frog, that is, its tadpole stage,
is very long and it assumes its adult form comparatively late, just
the reverse is the case of the toad. The young hasten through their
tadpole stage within a few weeks, and assume the shape of the parent
toad when about big enough to cover your little fingernail. Now they
leave the water and seek dry land. Naturally they make the change when
the land is damp, that is, after a warm spring rain. People seeing
these multitudes of little toads hopping around over a bare spot of
ground, and remembering the rain of the night before, insist that it
has rained toads. Of course it never rains down anything which cannot
evaporate up. The stories of showers of toads and of earth worms, with
an occasional fish, or even creatures of larger size, are all pure
myths. There are conceivable tornadoes after which there might be a
shower of such creatures, but at such a time it is likely also to rain
barn roofs and buggies. You may be sure that toads which come down in
the rain are dead after they strike the ground.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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