The Meaning of EvolutionSchmucker, Samuel Christian
History
The Meaning of Evolution
Schmucker, Samuel Christian
Evolution
After these forms the most abundant fossils we find in Silurian times
were creatures that at first sight looked as if they might be related
to the clams. These are known as lampshells, because one shell
projects beyond the other and curls up at the tip so as to resemble
the clay lamps which are dug out of old Roman towns. The lampshells
also have nearly disappeared in modern times. Simple creatures
belonging with our present crab and snail had begun to make their
appearance, but they were not as abundant as we find them later on.
The third group of the mollusks to which the nautilus and squid of
to-day belong is very abundantly represented in the Silurian by
fossils with coiled-up shells. As for the plant life of the time, it
is exceedingly difficult to say much about it. There must have been
nothing but marine plants, and these must have been on the general
line of the seaweeds. Little can be definitely said concerning them.
The next period of the Palaeozoic is known as the Devonian age, or the
age of fishes. Now the backboned animals first make their clear and
unmistakable appearance. There are remains in the Silurian which show
that there must have been a few fishes at that time. The Devonian is
so full of them and they are so well developed and so diversified that
this period is definitely known as the "age of fishes." They do not
closely resemble the fishes of to-day, but anyone would recognize most
of them for what they are. Their bodies were covered, not so much with
scales as with heavy plates, often arranged like tiles, those on the
forward half of the animal being often larger than those surrounding
the rest of the body. The creature was encased, as it were, in armor.
These were the rulers of the Devonian seas. The land, as yet, was
probably nearly without animal life, the creatures thus far being
almost confined to the water. A few insects make their appearance and
a few thousand-leggers are running around among the lowly plants; a
few spider-like animals have arisen; there are a few snails that have
left the water and taken to the land. Altogether only the dawn of a
land fauna is to be noticed. In the Devonian the plants are creeping
up upon the ground. Ferns are growing about everywhere, though they
are not exactly our ferns, but are rather a sort of intermediate form
between these and the present seed plants.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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