The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic RemainsMantell, Gideon Algernon
Science
The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic Remains
Mantell, Gideon Algernon
Geology -- England -- Guidebooks; Paleontology
Although, for convenience, I have selected the above examples
principally from the cretaceous strata, the reader must not suppose
that other deposits are not equally prolific in these remains. The
Coral-rag of the Oolite, many beds of the Mountain limestone, and
those of Dudley and Wenlock of the Silurian System, contain myriads
of minute polypidoms associated with the coralline masses of which we
have already treated. Exquisite figures of the Silurian corals, by Mr.
Scharf, are given in _Sil. Syst._ pl. xv. xvi. and described by Mr.
Lonsdale. A slab of the Dudley limestone often has the entire surface
studded with minute corals of many species and genera, lying in bold
relief, and in an admirable state of preservation.
Verticillipora (_Lign. 70, fig. 4. Lign. 72, fig. 3_).--Cells
poriform, arranged in meshes on the surface of convex imbricating
plates round a hollow axis, forming a fixed, irregular, subcylindrical
polyparium. _Lign. 70, fig. 4_, represents a coral often met with
in the gravel-pits at Faringdon, (_ante_, p. 228,) which is referred
by Mr, Morris to this genus. It is composed of short cylindrical
anastomosing tubular branches, emanating from an expanded base, divided
internally by transverse parallel plates, covered with exceedingly
minute pores or cells, disposed in meshes; the plates surround a hollow
axis; the structure is well shown in the figure.
Lunulites. _Lign. 70._--The polyparium is stony, orbicular, convex
above, concave below; concavity radiated; convexity covered with cells,
arranged in concentric circles on diverging striæ.
A species of this coral is often found in the chalk: _Lign. 70, fig.
1_, represents a specimen from the South Downs, discovered by Mr. Walter
Mantell. The natural affinities of this genus are not determined with
precision; but I have placed it with the Bryozoa in accordance with the
opinion of M. de Blainville. It is an elegant white coral, and easily
recognized among the minute organisms of the chalk.
* * * * *
[Sidenote: DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL BRYOZOA.]
Geological Distribution of Fossil Zoophytes.--Although the geological
distribution of fossil zoophytes affords less striking phenomena than
that of the vegetable kingdom, yet some interesting reflections are
suggested by the facts we have thus cursorily noticed. We find that
in the most ancient seas of which any vestiges of their inhabitants
remain, these forms of vitality existed, and produced the same physical
results as at the present time; giving rise to coral-reefs, and banks
of coral-limestones, and largely contributing to the solid materials
of the crust of the globe. Nearly 400 British species are enumerated
by Mr. Morris, and the list has subsequently been greatly extended by
the labours of Phillips, Portlock, Lonsdale, McCoy, Milne Edwards, and
other eminent naturalists.
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