The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic RemainsMantell, Gideon Algernon
Science
The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic Remains
Mantell, Gideon Algernon
Geology -- England -- Guidebooks; Paleontology
The zoophytes that are in part flint, and part chalk, as the
Ventriculites, (_ante_, p. 244, _Lign. 81_,) can rarely be obtained,
except through the quarrymen who have been instructed how to extract
them from the rock. The first specimen of this kind that came under
my notice, I discovered while breaking a mass of chalk, in search
of fungiform flints; when, to my great delight, I found the fossil,
_Lign. 81, fig. 3_, by which at once, and for the first time, was
shown the connexion between the chalk specimens, _Lign. 8, figs. 1,
2_, and the flints figured in _Lign. 8, figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, 8_. Upon
showing this fossil to the quarrymen, and exciting their attention by
suitable rewards, I obtained the illustrative series now in the British
Museum.[261] Much light would be thrown on the nature of other zoophytes
of the chalk that are invested with flint, if due care were taken in
the collection of specimens, and they were examined before extracted
from the rock. Loose, delicate specimens, whether from the chalk or
tertiary strata, should be affixed with strong gum-water to cards, or
pieces of thin board, covered with coloured paper.
[261] Petrifactions, Room VI. p. 466.
The Greensand Spongites, Siphoniæ, &c. may often be extracted from the
rock tolerably perfect, by a well-directed blow of the hammer; but
fragile species should be left attached to a block, and the surrounding
stone be carefully chiselled away, so as to expose the most essential
characters.
The Faringdon zoophytes are, for the most part, encrusted by an
aggregation of minute polyparia, shells, and detritus, which may be
partially removed by washing with a stiff brush, and their cavities
cleared with a stout penknife, removing the extraneous matter by
_chipping_, not by scraping, or the surface will be injured. In this
manner the beautiful specimens figured, _ante_, p. 228, were developed.
The Corals in the hard limestones can seldom be chiselled out to
advantage; for the most part, polished sections best exhibit the form
and structure of the originals.
Weather-worn or water-worn masses of coral limestone often display
the structure of the zoophytes of which they are in a great measure
composed, in a beautiful state of sculpture and relief: the silicified
or calcified corals appearing as perfect as if fresh from the sea.
The mural rocks of coral limestone at Florence Court, the seat of the
Earl of Enniskillen, are in many parts encrusted, as it were, with
syringopora and other tubular corals, laid bare uninjured by the long
and insensible effect of atmospheric erosion. A beautiful illustration
of the old aphorism,--"Aqua cavat lapidem non vi sed sæpe cadendo,"--is
afforded by the splendid examples of cateniporæ, fungiæ, caryophillæ,
sculptured in alto-relievo on the face of the Silurian rocks over which
dash the rapids at the Falls of the Ohio.
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