The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic RemainsMantell, Gideon Algernon
Science
The Medals of Creation, Volumes 1 and 2: First Lessons in Geology and the Study of Organic Remains
Mantell, Gideon Algernon
Geology -- England -- Guidebooks; Paleontology
Detached plates and ossicula of marsupites are not uncommon in the
Chalk of Kent and Sussex; nearly entire receptacles, filled with chalk
or flint, are occasionally found in the pits near Lewes and Brighton;
but examples with remains of the arms are extremely rare; and I have
seen but one specimen (which I collected from the Sussex chalk), in
which the plates of the integument that covered the opening of the
receptacle are preserved.[289]
[289] It is figured in my _South D. Foss._ pl. xvi. _fig._ 6.
The Marsupite is an exceedingly interesting type, in a zoological
point of view, since it forms a link that unites the Crinoidea with
the Comatulæ, or feather-stars, which we shall presently notice. Its
general form and habits are sufficiently indicated by the numerous
specimens that have been collected in the Chalk of the south-east of
England.
The body of the animal was inclosed in a crustaceous case formed
of large plates, articulated to each other by suture; the mouth or
oral aperture was situated in the centre of the plated integumental
cover of the receptacle. The organs of locomotion and prehension
consisted of five arms or brachial appendages, formed of ossicula
as in the crinoidea, and the whole was invested with soft tissue or
integuments. When floating in the water, the creature could spread
out its tentacula, and form a net to capture its prey, and by closing
them, secure it, and convey it to its mouth. The figure, _Lign. 96_,
is restored from specimens which separately exhibit the parts here
represented in connexion.
* * * * *
Fossil Asteriadæ.
[Sidenote: FOSSIL ASTERIADÆ.]
The radiated animals, popularly called _Star-fishes_, from their
stellular forms, are so abundant on our coasts, that the common
five-rayed species must be familiar to all my readers who indulge
in rambles on the sea-shore, and will serve as an illustration of
the general appearance and structure of the beings whose petrified
remains now claim our attention. This species belongs to the division
of Asteriadæ, in which the rays are elongated, and far exceed in
length the diameter of the disk; in another group (_Goniastea_, or
Cushion-star), the body is angular, and the lobes or rays are short,
and not longer than the diameter; while in a third subdivision
(_Comatula_ and _Ophiura_), the arms are distinct from the body, and
articulated, elongated, and ramified, as in the _Crinoidea_.
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