Endowments were to a certain extent supplied by the patron, but were supplemented by public charity. The emoluments included gifts of money, food and fuel, grants of property, admission fees, the profits of fairs, and collections. Receipts in kind are seldom recorded, and the changing scale of values would involve points beyond the scope of this volume. Particulars may be found in the extant manuscripts of certain hospitals and abbeys, in _Valor Ecclesiasticus_, etc. Extracts from the account-books of St. Leonard’s, York, have been published in a lecture by Canon Raine. The finance of such an institution, with scattered and extensive property, necessitated a department which required a special clerk to superintend it, and the exchequer had its particular seal. Reports of the Historical MSS. Commission give details of the working expenses of hospitals at Southampton and Winchester. [Illustration: _PLATE XXI._ ST. MARY MAGDALENE’S, WINCHESTER (_a_) MASTER’S HOUSE AND CHAPEL. (_b_) CHAPEL] 1. ENDOWMENTS (a) _Endowments in money._—The earliest subscriptions are recorded in the Pipe Rolls, consisting of royal alms [p179] (_Eleemosynæ Constitutæ_) paid by the Sheriff of the county from the profits of Crown lands. Three entries in the year 1158 will serve as specimens:— _Infirmis de Dudstan. xxs._ _Infirmis super Montem. lxs._ _Infirmis de Lundon. lxs._ At first sight this seems not to concern hospitals; but a closer examination proves that sums are being paid to sick communities—in fact to lazar-houses. For the lepers of Gloucester dwelt in the suburb of Dudstan, and the infected inmates of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Winchester, were known locally as “the infirm people upon the hill”—now Maun Hill. The grant was paid out of the farm of the city until, in 1442, the citizens were unable to contribute that and other sums on account of pestilence and depopulation. The infirm of London were the lepers of St. Giles’; and the sixty shillings, originally granted by Henry I and Maud, was still paid in Henry VII’s reign, for a writ of 1486 refers “to the hospitallers of St. Giles for their annuity of lx_s._” Between the years 1158 and 1178 subscriptions were paid to _infirmi_ at the following places:— Regular payments—“Dudstan,” Hecham, Hereford, Lincoln, London, Maldon, Newport, Richmond, Rochester, St. Albans, St. Edmunds, Shrewsbury, “Super Montem.” Occasional payments—Barnstaple, Barnwell or Stourbridge, Bradley, Burton Lazars, Chichester, Clattercot, Derby, Canterbury and Harbledown, Ely, Ilford, Leicester, Liteport, Newark, Northampton, Oxford, Saltwood, and Windsor.