“in this second part, in like fashion we propose to treat of the plenary restitution of that destitute nature.... And since that restitution, or restoration, is effected and perfected by _doctrina_ (imparted knowledge, science), this part not improperly is called the _Speculum doctrinale_. For of a surety everything pertaining to recovering or defending man’s spiritual or temporal welfare (_salutem_) is embraced under _doctrina_. In this book, the sciences (_doctrinae_) and arts are treated thus: First concerning all of them in general, to wit, concerning their invention, origin, and species; and concerning the method of acquiring them. Then concerning the singular arts and sciences in particular. And here first concerning those of the Trivium, which are devoted to language (grammar, rhetoric, logic); for without these, the others cannot be learned or communicated. Next concerning the practical ones (_practica_), because through them, the eyes of the mind being clarified, one ascends to the speculative (_theorica_). Then also concerning the mechanical ones; since, as they consist in making (_operatio_), they are joined by affinity to the _practica_. Finally concerning the speculative sciences (_theorica_), because the end and aim (_finis_) of all the rest is placed by the wise in them. And since (as Jerome says) one cannot know the power (_vis_) of the antidote unless the power of the poison first is understood, therefore to the _reparatio doctrinalis_ of the human race, the subject of the book, something is prefixed as a brief epilogue from the former book, concerning the fall and misery of man, in which he still labours, as the penalty for his sin, in lamentable exile.” So Vincent begins with the fall and misery of man; the _peccatum_ and the _supplicium_. Then he proceeds to discuss the goods (_bona_) which God bestows, like the mental powers, by which man may learn wisdom, and how to strive against error and vice, and be overcome solely by the desire of the highest and immutable good. He speaks also of the corporeal goods bestowed on man, and the beauty and utility of visible things; and then of the principal evils;--ignorance which corrupts the divine image in man, concupiscence which destroys the divine similitude, sickness which destroys his original bodily immortality. “And the remedies are three by which these three evils may be repelled, and the three goods restored, to wit, Wisdom, Virtue, and Need.” Here we touch the gist of the ordering of topics in the _Speculum doctrinale_, which treats of all the arts and sciences: