carried out in close connexion with those operations themselves, the summer feast retained its communal character and continued to be celebrated by the whole village for the benefit of everybody’s crops and trees, and everybody’s flocks and herds[383]. It is therefore mainly, although not wholly, upon the summer feast that the analysis of the agricultural ritual to be given in the next chapter will be based. CHAPTER VI VILLAGE FESTIVALS [_Bibliographical Note._--A systematic calendar of English festival usages by a competent folk-lorist is much needed. J. Brand, _Observations on Popular Antiquities_ (1777), based on H. Bourne, _Antiquitates Vulgares_ (1725), and edited, first by Sir Henry Ellis in 1813, 1841-2 and 1849, and then by W. C. Hazlitt in 1870, is full of valuable material, but belongs to the age of pre-scientific antiquarianism. R. T. Hampson, _Medii Aevi Kalendarium_ (1841), is no less unsatisfactory. In default of anything better, T. F. T. Dyer, _British Popular Customs_ (1891), is a useful compilation from printed sources, and P. H. Ditchfield, _Old English Customs_ (1896), a gossipy account of contemporary survivals. These may be supplemented from collections of more limited range, such as H. J. Feasey, _Ancient English Holy Week Ceremonial_ (1897), and J. E. Vaux, _Church Folk-Lore_ (1894); by treatises on local folk-lore, of which W. Henderson, _Notes on the Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders_ (2nd ed. 1879), C. S. Burne and G. F. Jackson, _Shropshire Folk-Lore_ (1883-5), and J. Rhys, _Celtic Folk-Lore, Welsh and Manx_ (1901), are the best; and by the various publications of the Folk-Lore Society, especially the series of _County Folk-Lore_ (1895-9) and the successive periodicals, _The Folk-Lore Record_ (1878-82), _Folk-Lore Journal_ (1883-9), and _Folk-Lore_ (1890-1903). Popular accounts of French _fêtes_ are given by E. Cortet, _Essai sur les Fêtes religieuses_ (1867), and O. Havard, _Les Fêtes de nos Pères_ (1898). L. J. B. Bérenger-Féraud, _Superstitions et Survivances_ (1896), is more pretentious, but not really scholarly. C. Leber, _Dissertations relatives à l’Histoire de France_ (1826-38), vol. ix, contains interesting material of an historical character, largely drawn from papers in the eighteenth-century periodical _Le Mercure de France_. Amongst German books, J. Grimm, _Teutonic Mythology_ (transl. J. S. Stallybrass, 1880-8), H. Pfannenschmidt, _Germanische Erntefeste_ (1878), and U. Jahn, _Die deutschen Opfergebräuche bei Ackerbau und Viehzucht_ (1884), are all excellent. Many of the books mentioned in the bibliographical note to the last chapter remain useful for the present and following ones; in particular J. G. Frazer, _The Golden Bough_ (2nd ed.