[45] _D. C. A._ s. vv. _Actor_, _Theatre_; Bingham, vi. 212, 373, 439; Alt, 310; Prynne, 556. Some, however, of the pronouncements of the fathers came to have equal force with the decrees of councils in canon law. The _Code_ of Gratian (†1139), besides 3 _Conc. Carth._ c. 35 ‘scenicis atque ystrionibus, ceterisque huiusmodi personis, vel apostaticis conversis, vel reversis ad Deum, gratia vel reconciliatio non negetur’ (_C. I. Can._ iii. 2. 96) and 7 _Conc. Carth._ (419) c. 2 (Mansi, iv. 437) ‘omnes etiam infamiae maculis aspersi, id est histriones ... ab accusatione prohibentur’ (_C. I. Can._ ii. 4. 1. 1), includes two patristic citations. One is Cyprian, _Ep._ lxi. (_P. L._ iv. 362), which is ‘de ystrione et mago illo, qui apud vos constitutus adhuc in suae artis dedecore perseverat,’ and forbids ‘sacra communio cum ceteris Christianis dari’ (_C. I. Can._ iii. 2. 95); the other Augustine, _Tract. C. ad c. 16 Iohannis_ (_P. L._ xxxv. 1891) ‘donare res suas histrionibus vitium est immane, non virtus’ (_C. I. Can._ i. 86. 7). Gratian adds Isidorus Hispalensis, _de Eccl. Off._ ii. 2 (_P. L._ lxxxiii. 778) ‘his igitur lege Patrum cavetur, ut a vulgari vita seclusi a mundi voluptatibus sese abstineant; non spectaculis, non pompis intersint’ (_C. I. Can._ i. 23. 3). [46] Sathas, 7; Krumbacher, 644. Anastasius Sinaita (bp. of Antioch, 564) in his tract, _Adversus Monophysitas ac Monothelitas_ (Mai, _Coll. Nov. Script. Vet._ vii. 202), speaks of the συγγράμματα of the Arians as θυμελικὰς βίβλους, and calls the Arian Eunomius πρωτοστάτης τῆς Ἀρείου θυμελικῆς ὀρχήστρας. I doubt if these phrases should be taken too literally; possibly they are not more than a criticism of the buffoonery and levity which the fragments of the Θάλεια display. Krumbacher mentions an orthodox Ἀντιθάλεια of which no more seems to be known. [47] Alt, 310; Bingham, vi. 273; Schaff, v. 106, 125; Haigh, 460; Dill, 56; P. Allard, _Julien l’Apostat_. i. 230. The _Codex Theodosianus_, drawn up and accepted for both empires †435, contains imperial edicts from the time of Constantine onwards. [48] _Spectacula_ are forbidden on Sunday, unless it is the emperor’s birthday, by _C. Th._ xv. 5. 2 (386), which also forbids judges to rise for them, except on special occasions, and _C. Th._ ii. 8. 23 (399). The exception is removed by _C. Th._ ii. 8. 25 (409) and _C. Iust._ iii. 12. 9 (469). The Christian feasts and fasts, Christmas, Epiphany, the first week in Lent, Passion and Easter weeks are added by _C. Th._ ii. 8. 23 (400) and _C. Th._ xv. 5. 5 (425). According to some MSS. this was done by _C. Th._ ii. 8. 19 (389), but the events of 399 recorded below seem to show that 400 is the right date.