In some cases where Latin and vernacular appear together, the latter is of the nature of a translation, or rough and often much expanded paraphrase, of the former. This type of mixed and obviously transitional text can, as it happens, be illustrated from French, German, and English sources. It occurs, for instance, in the _Adam_. Here the Adam and Eve and Cain and Abel scenes are wholly, but for the preliminary _lectio_ and the interpolated chants by the choir, in Norman-French. The prophecies, however, are given in the double form. Thus Isaiah says: ‘Egredietur virga de radice Jesse, et flos de radice eius ascendet, et requiescet super eum spiritus domini. ‘Or vus dirrai merveillus diz: Jessé sera de sa raïz. Verge en istra, qui fera flor, Qui ert digne de grant unor. Saint espirit l’avra si clos, Sor ceste flor iert sun repos.’ There are many similar examples in German plays, of which the most complete is a _Quem quaeritis_ in a fourteenth-century manuscript at Trèves[295]. In England Professor Skeat discovered at Shrewsbury a fragmentary text of this type in a manuscript of the early fifteenth century[296]. It is written in a northern, probably Yorkshire, dialect, and contains the part, with cues, of a single actor in three plays, a _Pastores_, a _Quem quaeritis_, and a _Peregrini_. In the first he played the Third Shepherd, in the second the Third Mary, in the last probably Cleophas. The fragment shows clearly enough the way in which the Latin text was first sung by a group of performers together, and then expanded by them separately in the vernacular. The two documents last quoted mark not only the transition from Latin to the vernacular, but also that from the sung drama of the liturgies to the spoken drama of the great cycles. In Professor Skeat’s Shrewsbury fragments the Latin alone is musically noted. In the Trèves _Quem quaeritis_ the Latin and portions of the German are noted, and a careful distinction is made between the lines to be spoken and those to be sung by the use of the terms _cantat_ and _dicit_ in the rubrics[297].