The mediaeval stage, volume 2 (of 2)Chambers, E. K. (Edmund Kerchever)
History
The mediaeval stage, volume 2 (of 2)
Chambers, E. K. (Edmund Kerchever)
Drama, Medieval -- History and criticism; Theater -- History -- Medieval, 500-1500
Quite unique, as dealing with a contemporary ‘miracle,’ is the play of
the Blessed Sacrament, performed at one of the many places bearing the
name of Croxton, in the latter half of the fifteenth century. According
to the manuscript, the event upon which it was based, the marvellous
conversion of a Jew who attempted an outrage upon a host, took place at
Heraclea in Spain, in 1461. There is, curiously enough, a late French
play, quite independent of the English one, upon an exactly parallel
miracle assigned to Paris and the thirteenth century[392].
The variation in the types of English miracle-plays naturally implies
some variation also in the manner of representation. The normal craft
cycles of the greater towns were processional in character. They were
not played throughout by a single body of actors and upon a single
stage; but the action was divided into a number of independent scenes,
to each of which was assigned its own group of performers and its own
small movable stage or ‘pageant.’ And each scene was repeated at several
‘stations’ in different parts of the city, pageant succeeding pageant
in regular order, with the general effect of a vast procession slowly
unrolling itself along the streets[393]. This method of playing was
convenient to the distribution of the _leitourgia_ among the guilds, and
was adopted in all those places, Chester, York, Beverley, and Coventry,
from which our records happen to be the fullest. But it was not the
primitive method and, as has been pointed out in a previous chapter, it
probably arose from an attempt about the beginning of the fourteenth
century to adapt the already existing miracle-plays to the distinctive
feature of the festival of Corpus Christi. To this point it will be
necessary to recur[394]. The processional play was rare outside England,
and even in England it at no period became universal. Two at least of the
great cycles that survive, the Cornish one and the _Ludus Coventriae_,
as well as several smaller plays, can be clearly shown from internal
evidence to have been intended for stationary performance. They do not
naturally cleave asunder into distinct scenes. The same personages
appear and reappear: the same properties and bits of scenery are left
and returned to, often at considerable intervals. Moreover stationary
performances are frequently implied by the records. At Lincoln, after
the suppression of the old _visus_ of St. Anne’s processional play,
the corporation ordered the performance of a ‘standing’ play ‘of some
story of the Bible.’ At Newcastle, although pageants of the plays went
in the procession, the actual performance seems to have been given in a
‘stead.’ This arrangement is exactly parallel to that of the Florentine
_rappresentazioni_ on St. John’s day in 1454[395]. Elsewhere there
was commonly enough no ‘pageant’ at all. The ‘standing’ plays may be
traced at various removes from their original scene, the floor of the
church[396].
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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