Uses.--The native women use the infusion of its aromatic leaves to induce menstruation. It is also used as an abortifacient, but is too mild a uterine stimulant to be reliable for that purpose. Its stomachic and tonic properties are common knowledge in the Philippines. The Hindoos use it for those effects and as an antispasmodic in amenorrhoea and hysteria. Dr. Wight states that the leaves and tops are useful in nervous troubles resulting from debility and that a decoction of them makes a good fomentation for phagedenic ulcers. The infusion is prepared in the proportion of 10-30 grams of leaves to 1 liter of water and the powdered leaves are given in doses of 4-8 grams; the aqueous extract 30-40 grams a day. For amenorrhoea the drug is given daily for a week preceding the menstrual date. Botanical Description.--A plant 3° high, stem straight, woody, square toward ends of branches. Leaves alternate, tomentose, decurrent, divided in several places, medium lanceolate. Flowers straw-colored, in axillary and terminal, 1-ranked spikes. Common calyx cylindrical, 2 circles of oval, scarious leaflets around its border, 11 hermaphrodite disk-flowers and about 5 pistillate ray-flowers. Hermaphrodite: Corolla bell-shaped, 5 obtuse teeth; stigmas 2, bent to the sides. Pistillate: Corolla diminutive, 5 toothlets; anther none; stigmas 2. Seeds of both small and quadrate, smaller in the latter. Receptacle nude. Habitat.--Grows throughout the islands and is well known. _Carthamus tinctorius_, L. Nom. Vulg.--_Azafrán de la tierra_, Sp.; _Biri_, _Kasubha_, _Katsumba_, _Lago_, Tag.; _Kasabba_, Vis.; _Kasubha_, _Kastumba_, Pam.; _Bastard Saffron_, _Dyer's Safflower_, Eng. Uses.--This plant must not be confounded with _Curcuma longa_, L., whose tuber is also frequently called saffron (azafrán), and is used to color food. The flower is the part employed as a condiment coloring the food yellow. Some use them internally in doses of 4 grams to cure icterus. The leaves coagulate milk. The seeds are purgative in dose of 8-16 grams, bruised and taken in emulsion, or 15-30 grams in decoction. The following is the chemical analysis of the plant: Yellow coloring matter, soluble 26.1-36.0 Carthamic acid 0.3- 0.6 Extractive matter 3.6- 6.5 Albumin 1.5- 8.0 Wax 0.6- 1.5 Cellulose, pectin 38.4-56.0 Silica 1.0- 8.4 Oxide of iron, aluminum, oxide of manganese 0.4- 4.6 (Salvetat.)