The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))Bourke, John Gregory
Religion
The Medicine-Men of the Apache. (1892 N 09 / 1887-1888 (pages 443-604))
Bourke, John Gregory
Apache Indians -- Medicine; Apache Indians -- Religion; Apache Indians -- Rites and ceremonies; Shamans -- New Mexico
Behind the main door in the houses at Santa Clara, San Ildefonso,
Picuris, Laguna, Acoma, San Felipe, Jemez, and other towns, there is a
niche containing a bowl or saucer filled with this sacred meal, of
which the good housewife is careful to throw a pinch to the sun at
early dawn and to the twilight at eventide. In every ceremony among
the Pueblos naturally enough, more particularly among those who have
been living farthest from the Mexicans, the lavish scattering of
sacred meal is the marked feature of the occasion. At the snake dance
of the Tusayan, in 1881, the altars were surrounded with baskets of
pottery and with flat plaques of reeds, which were heaped high with
kunque. When the procession moved out from under the arcade and began
to make the round of the sacred stone the air was white with meal, and
in my imagination I could see that it was a procession of Druids
circling about a "sacred stone" in Ireland previous to the coming of
St. Patrick. When the priests threw the snakes down upon the ground it
was within a circle traced with kunque, and soon the snakes were
covered with the same meal flung upon them by the squaws. There was
only one scalp left among the Tusayan in 1881, but there were several
among the Zuñi, and one or two each at Acoma and Laguna. In every one
of these towns kunque was offered to the scalps.
At the feast of the Little God of Fire among the Zuñi, in 1881, my
personal notes relate that "the moment the head of the procession
touched the knoll upon which the pueblo is built the mass of people
began throwing kunque upon the Little God and those with him as well
as on the ground in front of, beside, and behind them. This kunque was
contained in sacred basket-shaped bowls of earthenware. The spectators
kept the air fairly misty with clouds of the sacred kunque. This
procession passed around the boundaries of the pueblo of Zuñi,
stopping at eight holes in the ground for the purpose of enacting a
ceremonial of consecration suggestive of the 'terminalia' of the
Romans. They visited each of the holes, which were 18 inches deep and
12 inches square, with a sandstone slab to serve as a cover. Each hole
was filled with kunque and sacrificial plumes. * * * 'Every morning of
the year, when the sky is clear, at the rising of Lucero [the morning
star], at the crowing of the cock, we throw corn flour [kunque] to the
sun. I am never without my bag of kunque; here it is [drawing it from
his belt]. Every Zuñi has one. We offer it to the sun for good rain
and good crops.'"[272]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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