Hymns, Latin -- History and criticism; Sequences (Liturgy)
The music to which the processional hymn was sung is, in some cases,
available. The St. Gall manuscripts, as Gautier noted, were furnished
with musical notation. This is occasionally true of later manuscripts,
especially as we enter the closing medieval centuries. The traditional
melodies of certain hymns, like the _Salve festa dies_ and _Gloria laus
et honor_ are known to-day. Musicologists and students of liturgical
music are currently engaged in bringing this music to present-day
knowledge. For example, the hymn used in procession before the reading
of the Gospel appears in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries as a
_conductus_ or _conductum_ which, in turn, is related to the
_cantio_.[32] A _conductus_ for the festival of St. James of Campostella
(_A. H._ 17. 199), illustrates the evolution of a minor type of
processional hymn from Hartmann’s solemn _versus_, mentioned above, to
the festive style of the late medieval period. The recent study of the
_conductus_ by Leonard Ellinwood reflects the growing interest of
musicians in these forms, both secular and religious, which preceded the
Renaissance.[33]
To summarize the characteristic marks of the processional hymn which are
constant and quite independent of the date of their appearance, the
student must recall the underlying motives: 1) supplication in the
litanies, 2) re-enactment of biblical scenes and 3) religious
pilgrimage. Respecting usage, the special interest of a ceremony devoted
to a particular occasion is present in processional hymns, additional to
other rites. Lastly, a group of hymns has come into existence, not to be
classified with the more formal categories of the office hymn and the
sequence but dedicated to an extra-liturgical purpose.
As a group, the processional hymns are not well-known or frequently used
in translation with the exception of the ageless hymns of Theodulphus
and especially of Fortunatus whose processionals usurped the medieval
field for over one thousand years and are still current to-day.
(See Illustrative Hymns, XVII. _Salve festa dies_, “Hail thee, festival
day.”)
CHAPTER SEVEN
Influence and Survival of Latin Hymns
I. Late Medieval Influence
From the creation of the Latin hymn in the fourth century by the
earliest writers to the efforts of poets heralding the Renaissance,
Christian hymnody left its imprint upon contemporary verse both secular
and religious. The field of inquiry suggested by this thesis has never
been fully explored although it abounds in fascinating possibilities for
the student of medieval culture. The subject, of course, cannot be
treated within the limits of this chapter but such hints may be offered
as have resulted from a partial study of particular areas or fall within
the bounds of reasonable assumption.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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