Hymns, Latin -- History and criticism; Sequences (Liturgy)
The writing of Latin hymns by no means died out with the medieval era in
the sixteenth century. The great prestige of Latin studies fostered by
the Renaissance alone would have been sufficient to perpetuate the
practice. The Church, too, was engaged in a movement to standardize and
improve the Latinity of the breviary hymns which resulted in the
Trentine cycle as we know it today. A concurrent movement toward
uniformity of rites appreciably reduced the number of breviaries and the
variety of their hymns, but those breviaries which maintained an
independent existence had their own complete cycles. Such were the
Cluniac Breviary of 1686 and the Paris Breviary of 1736 for which new
hymns were written and sung side by side with those of medieval origin.
Among post-Renaissance poets represented in these collections were the
Frenchmen Jean-Baptiste de Santuil and his brothers Claude and Baptiste.
Freshly inspired by classical studies, the new hymn writers repudiated
medieval ruggedness and stylistic neglect in favor of the smooth and
finished Latinity affected by contemporary poets. From the substantial
body of verse produced in these centuries, _Adeste fideles_, “O come,
all ye faithful,” has proved a favorite. Sometimes classified as a hymn,
sometimes as a carol, it originated in the English colony at Douay about
the year 1740, from the pen of John Francis Wade.[21]
The continuity of the Roman Use, however, was not disturbed. The Roman
Breviary had acquired its cycle of hymns in the processes of evolution
which have been traced in the preceding chapters. Trentine revisions
under the guidance of Pope Urban VIII, (1623-1644), made with the
highest motives but often deplored by later scholars, transformed the
medieval originals into products of the Renaissance. The Trentine
Breviary contains many of the finest medieval hymns which, although they
have suffered alterations, have carried the traditional heritage into
modern times.[22]
By virtue of its prestige and its world-wide circulation, the Roman
Breviary has been the vehicle by which the Latin hymn has penetrated
into the modern vernacular languages in translations. It is a subject of
frequent comment that the full treasury of hymns has not been drawn upon
by the Catholic Church since the hymns of the Roman Breviary have
monopolized the field. The historical reason for this is clear and also
for the fact that in the Roman Missal only five sequences, each of
recognized superiority, have been retained.
The restriction of Latin hymns in Roman Catholic liturgical usage to a
relatively small number allows certain exceptions. The Benedictine and
other religious orders use their own cycle of breviary hymns and
present-day Catholic hymnals in popular use often contain translations
of hymns and sequences additional to those of the Roman Breviary and
Missal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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