[215] The Marquis d'Osmond (1751-1838) was French Minister at the Hague at the outbreak of the Revolution. In 1791 he was appointed Ambassador in St. Petersburg, but resigned before going out, and emigrated. He filled several diplomatic posts under the Empire, was Minister at Turin under the First Restoration, and in 1815 was created a peer of France and Ambassador to England, where he remained until January 1819.--B. [216] The Comtesse de Boigne wrote some novels, of which the chief was _Une Passion dans le grand monde._ They were published after her death under the Second Empire, none of them attaining the smallest success.--B. [217] Marie Constance de Caumont La Force (1774-1823), _née_ de Lamoignon, wife of François Philibert Bertrand Nompar de Caumont, Marquis de La Force.--B. [218] The Duchesse de Gontaut, _née_ de Montault Navailles, married the Vicomte de Gontaut-Biron in London in 1794. She became Governess of the Children of France under the Restoration after the birth of the Duc de Bordeaux, and Louis XVIII. gave her the rank and title of duchess.--B. [219] Claire Duchesse de Duras (1777-1828), _née_ Lechat de Kersaint, the friend of Madame de Staël, and author of two novels, _Ottrika_ and _Édouard_, which attained a great success.--T. [220] François Marie Arouet (1694-1778), known as Voltaire. He was refused burial in Paris, and his remains were interred in the abbey at Scellières and removed to the Panthéon, where they still lie, in 1791.--T. [221] Joseph Joubert (1754-1824), author of the _Pensées_, published in 1838, thanks to the care of Chateaubriand.--T. [222] 1793--The town was nearly destroyed, its 200,000 inhabitants almost decimated by the commissaries of the Convention, and its name changed as stated.--T. [223] 1477.--T. [224] The _Mémorial historique, politique et littéraire_ ran from 20 May to 4 September 1797. It is full of articles of the rarest merit, especially those by La Harpe, which are masterpieces.--B. [225] Jacques Bourlet, Abbé de Vauxelles (1734-1802).--T. [226] It has been raised by the filial piety of Madame Christine de Fontanes. M. Sainte-Beuve has adorned the frontal of the monument with his ingenious notice.--_Author's Note_ (Paris, 1839). [227] Dominique Joseph Garat (1749-1833), Minister of Justice under the Revolution in succession to Danton, Minister of the Interior in succession to Roland, and a writer of merit. He was elected a member of the French Academy in 1806, but excluded at the Restoration.--T. [228] Claude Joseph Dorat (1734-1780), an artificial, fastidious, and somewhat monotonous follower of Voltaire.--T. [229] I omit a reference to Fontanes' _Anniversaire de sa naissance_ and a quotation from that ode.--T.