[701] Sophonisba (235-203 B.C.), daughter of the third Hasdrubal, was betrothed to Masinissa King of Massylia and Numidia, but married in his stead his rival Syphax. Masinissa recaptured his domains from the latter, and with them his wife, whom he married. When Scipio, however, insisted upon Sophonisba's appearance in his triumph in Rome, Masinissa, to save her from this disgrace, sent her poison. Her story is the subject of one of Voltaire's tragedies.--T. [702] When the fourth Hasdrubal (170-100 B.C.), then commander of Carthage, surrendered to Scipio, his wife, horrified at his treachery, killed her children before his eyes, and then threw herself into the flames, 146 B.C.--T. [703] Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus (_circa_ 235-184 B.C.).--T. [704] Caius Julius Cæsar (100-44 B.C.) defeated Metellus Scipio and Cato at Carthage in 46 B.C.--T. [705] Tiberius Claudius Nero (42 B.C.-37 A.D.), the second Roman Emperor. Capri contains the ruins of his twelve palaces.--T. [706] Marcus Portius Cato (95-46 B.C.), known as Cato the Younger, or Uticensis, sided against Cæsar with Pompey, and retired to Utica after the defeat of the latter. He prepared to resist Cæsar in Africa, but when Metellus had been beaten, stabbed himself rather than fall into his enemy's hands.--T. [707] In 1270, on his way to Palestine, in the course of his second (the Eighth) Crusade.--T. [708] I omit this portion of Julien's Itinerary.--T. [709] Written under the Empire, but first published in 1827, in Volume XVI. of the Complete Works, with the title, _Les Aventures du dernier Abencerage._--B. [710] The beautiful valley overlooking Granada referred to above.--T. [711] _Cf._ LE SAGE, _Gil Blas._--T. [712] By Joseph Haydn (1732-1809).--T. [713] Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), the great composer.--T. [714] The Château de Malesherbes, situated at six kilometers from Angerville, and belonging to Louis de Chateaubriand, the writer's nephew. It is to-day the property of Madame la Marquise de Beaufort, _née_ de Chateaubriand.--T. [715] The column standing in the grounds of the Château de Méréville, equalling the column of the Place Vendôme in height, and commanding a view of over twenty leagues in extent.--B. [716] Sparta.--_Author's Note._ [717] Jerusalem.--_Author's Note._ [718] Jean Baptiste René Dureau de La Malle (1742-1807), a native of San Domingo, who settled in Paris and devoted his large fortune to literature. He published translations of Seneca (1776), Sallust (1808), and Tacitus (1793), the last of which was twice reprinted (1808 and 1816), and he was at work on a translation of Livy when he died. He became a member of the Institute in 1804.--T.