[282] Gaston Pierre Marc Duc de Levis (1764-1830) had been wounded at Quiberon in 1795. Between 1808 and 1814 he published his _Maximes et réflexions sur différents sujets_, the _Suite des quatre Facardins_, imitated from Hamilton's Tales, _Voyage de Khani, ou Nouvelles lettres chinoises, Souvenirs et Portraits_, and L'_Angleterre au commencement du XIX^e siècle._ He became a peer of France in 1814, a privy councillor in 1815 and a member of the French Academy in 1816.--B. [283] Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris (_d._ 996), was proclaimed King of France in 987 on the death of Louis V., the last of the Second or Carlovingian Dynasty, thus founding the Third or Capetian Dynasty of Kings of France. The House of Capet proper reigned from 987 to 1328; its two branches, the Houses of Valois and Bourbon from 1328 to 1589 and 1589 to 1830 respectively. The usurpation of Louis-Philippe gives a reign of 18 years (1830 to 1848) to the House of Orleans, or Younger Branch of Bourbon.--T. [284] Philippa of Hainault, Queen of England (_circa_ 1314-1369).--T. [285] Edward III. King of England (1212-1377).--T. [286] John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (1349-1399), fourth son of Edward III. and father of Henry IV., who founded the House of Lancaster after procuring the murder of Richard II., by usurping the throne to the prejudice of the descendants of Lionel Duke of Clarence, second son of Edward III.--T. [287] Jacob van Artevelde (_d._ 1345) headed a revolt of his fellow-citizens against the Count of Flanders (1336) and became for some time absolute master of Flanders. Finding himself, however, on the point of being reduced, he proposed to offer the sovereignty to Edward the Black Prince, but failed in his project, and was murdered by the populace of Ghent in 1345.--T. [288] Clodion (_d. circa_ 448) is accepted as the second King of France (Merovingian Dynasty).--T. [289] The Lys, or Lily, rises a little below Béthune and flows into the Scheldt at Ghent.--B. [290] A Moorish tribe which had a violent quarrel with the Abencerrages.--T. [291] Granada stands near the junction of the Rivers Duero and Xenil.--T. [292] Gabriel Vicomte Donnadieu (1777-1849), an inveterate enemy of Napoleon and later of Louis-Philippe, and a fervent, although somewhat discredited Royalist.--T. [293] Raymond Comte Desèze (1748-1828), the famous advocate. He distinguished himself early in his career by his defense of the daughters of Helvétius. In 1789 he obtained the acquittal of the Baron de Bésenval, accused of high treason; and he assisted Malesherbes and Tronchet in their defense of King Louis XVI. before the Convention. Desèze had been made a knight of the Holy Ghost by Louis XVI., which explains the allusion to the blue ribbon. Louis XVIII. made him President of the Court of Appeal and a peer of France in 1815, and a count in 1817. Desèze was, in 1816, elected a member of the French Academy.--T.