[Footnote 327: Jean Baptiste Silvère Gaye, Vicomte de Martignac (1776-1832), the well-meaning but unfortunate minister. He defended the Prince de Polignac on his trial in 1831 and died within the following year.--T.] [Footnote 328: Charles François Riffardeau, Duc de Rivière (1763-1828). As a personal friend of the Comte d'Artois and his aide-de-camp during the Emigration, he was implicated in the trial of Georges Cadoudal, in 1804, and sentenced to death. The Empress Joséphine's intervention caused this penalty to be commuted, and he was imprisoned for four years in the fortress of Joux and subsequently transported. Louis XVIII. made him a peer of France and Ambassador to Constantinople. Charles X. created him an hereditary duke (1825) and, in 1826, made him governor to the Duc de Bordeaux. In 1822, the Duc de Rivière presented Louis XVIII. with the Venus of Milo, which he had discovered during his embassy to the Sultan.--B.] [Footnote 329: François Jean Hyacinthe Comte Feutrier (1785-1830), Bishop of Beauvais since 1826.--B.] [Footnote 330: Antoine François Henri Lefebvre de Vatimesnil (1789-1860) played a prominent part later in the struggle for religious liberty and the liberty of the press.--B.] [Footnote 331: Jean Louis Anne Madeleine Lefébure, Comte de Chéverus (1768-1836), Bishop of Boston in Massachusetts (1808), Bishop of Montauban ( 1823), Archbishop of Bordeaux (1826), a peer of France (1826) and a cardinal (1836). He refused a peerage at the hands of the Government of July.--B.] [Footnote 332: Claude Marie Paul Tharin (1787-1843), Bishop of Strasburg (1823), resigned his see on receiving his appointment as tutor to the Duc de Bordeaux in 1826. He quitted the Court before the end of the Restoration and lived in profound retirement throughout the Orleanist Usurpation.--T.] [Footnote 333: BÉRANGER, _À M. de Chateaubriand_ (September 1831), 37-40: Son éloquence à ces rois fit l'aumône: Prodigue fée, en ses enchantements, Plus elle voit de rouille à leur vieux trône, Plus elle y sème et fleurs et diamants.--T. ] [Footnote 334: _Æneid_, VI, 256-257.--B.] [Footnote 335: 20 September 1830.--B.] BOOK XI[336]