[Footnote 509: Charles Louis de Bourbon, Duke of Lucca, later Charles II. Duke of Parma (1799-1883), son of Maria Louisa of Spain, ex-Queen of Etruria, and heir, by the terms of an arrangement concluded in Paris in 1817, to the Duchies of Parma and Piacenza on the death of Marie-Louise. This occurred in 1847, when Charles became Duke of Parma; but he abdicated, in March 1849, in favour of his son, Charles III., who was assassinated in 1854. Charles III. was succeeded by his son, the present Duke Robert I., then a child of six years of age, who was dethroned in 1860, and his duchy annexed to Sardinia by Victor Emmanuel II.--B.] [Footnote 510: Lodovico Carracci (1555-1619), the founder of the Bolognese School, and his two cousins and pupils, Agostino Carracci (1558-1602) and his brother Annibale Carracci (1560-1609).--T.] [Footnote 511: Pius VII. became Bishop of Tivoli in 1780, Bishop of Imola and a cardinal in 1785, and Pope in 1800.--T.] [Footnote 512: _Purgatorio_, Canto XVI. 65-66.--B.] [Footnote 513: Beatrice de' Bardi (1266-1290), _née_ Portinari, celebrated by Dante in his _Vita Nuova_ and _Divina Commedia._--T.] [Footnote 514: DANTE, _Vita Nuova_, Canto III. 78.--T.] [Footnote 515: Theodore Martin's DANTE, _Vita Nuova_, Canto III., the closing stanza.--T.] [Footnote 516: Cary's DANTE: _Purgatory_, XXX. 23-28.--T.] [Footnote 517: "Quando nel mondo ad ora adora M'insegnavate come l'uom s'eterna." _Inferno_, Canto XV. 84-85.--B.] [Footnote 518: Teresa Contessa Guiccioli, later Marquise de Boissy (1801-1873), _née_ Gamba. She lived with Lord Byron between 1819 and 1823. She married Hilaire Étienne Octave Rouillé, Marquis de Boissy, in 1851.--T.] [Footnote 519: The octagonal basilica of San Vitale does, in fact, recall Constantinople, because it was built, under Justinian, in imitation of St. Sophia. Charlemagne caused it to be copied for the Church of Aix-la-Chapelle.--B.] [Footnote 520: The Church of San Apollinare, erected under Theodoric at the commencement of the sixth century, also presents the Byzantine type in all its oriental brilliancy. The twenty-four columns of Greek marble which divide the church into three aisles were brought to Ravenna from Constantinople.--T.] [Footnote 521: Honorius Flavius Emperor of the West (384-423). His love for a hen called Roma forms an anecdote related by Procopius.--B.]