[207] Thomas Robert Bugeaud de La Piconnerie, Maréchal Duc d'Isly (1784-1849) fought throughout the campaigns of the Empire, winning his promotion from private to colonel on the battle-field. He retired at the Restoration. He was recalled to active employment in 1830, suppressed the Paris insurrections in 1832 and 1834 and, in 1832, as Commandant of Blaye, was charged with the safe keeping of the Duchesse de Berry. His behaviour on this occasion provoked a challenge to a duel, in which he killed his adversary, a deputy named Dulong, on the 27th of January 1834. In 1836, he was sent to Algeria and defeated Abd-el-Kader, but made terms with him and was severely criticized in consequence; he became Governor-general in 1840 and, on the 14th of August 1844, defeated the troops of Morocco at Isly, by which title he was forthwith created a duke, having received his marshal's baton in the previous year. In 1847, he resigned, but was placed in command of the troops in Paris in 1848 and exerted himself, but without success, to suppress the Revolution of February. The Prince-President Louis Napoleon made him Commander-in-Chief of the Army of the Alps, but he died of cholera, on the 10th of June 1849, soon after taking up his appointment.--T. [208] _Cf._ Vol. V., p. III., n. 2.--T. [209] "_Il est de bon_ goût, _ce M. d'Argout._"--T. [210] _Cf._ Appendix I.: _The Morganatic Marriage of the Duchesse de Berry._--T. [211] Achmet III. Sultan of Turkey (1673-1736) succeeded on the deposition of his brother Mustapha II. in 1703. He was deposed by the janissaries in 1730 and assassinated, by poison, in 1736.--T. [212] Ivan VI. Emperor of All the Russias(1740-1764) succeeded his aunt, the Empress Anne, as an infant of three months, but was deposed in the course of the following year by Elizabeth, the laughter of Peter the Great and Catherine I. He was murdered in prison at the age of twenty-three, under the reign of Catherine II.--T. [213] Frederic Augustus I. Elector of Saxony, later Augustus II. King of Poland (1670-1733), surnamed the Strong, elected King of Poland in 1697, deposed in 1704, and reinstated in 1709; and Stanislaus I. Leczinski (1677-1766), elected King of Poland in 1704, crowned in 1705, obliged to leave Poland in 1709: he was again a candidate in 1733, on the death of Augustus II., and formally abdicated in 1735.--T.