[473] The reproach which M. de Chateaubriand, following the example of so many others, here levels against Madame de Maintenon has ceased to bear upon the memory of that illustrious woman since the publication of the Marquis de Dangeau's _Relation de la dernière maladie de Louis XIV.--Note by Madame Lenormant._ [474] Louis Dauphin of France (1661-1711), known as the Great Dauphin, and Louis Duc de Bourgogne (1682-1712), his son, who became Dauphin, for one year, on his father's death, predeceased Louis XIV., their father and grandfather, who was succeeded, in 1715, by his great-grandson, Louis XV.--T. [475] André Le Nôtre (1613-1700), the great French architect and landscape-gardener, designed not only the gardens at Versailles and most of the other French royal palaces, but laid out Kensington Gardens, St. James's Park and Greenwich Park in England and a number of the most celebrated gardens in Rome. Louis XIV. granted him letters of nobility in 1675.--T. [476] Olivier de Serres (1539-1619), known in France as the "Father of Agriculture," was summoned to Paris by Henry IV. and introduced various improvements into the royal domains. _Inter alia_, he imported the silk-industry into France and planted fifteen thousand white mulberry-trees in the Tuileries Gardens.--T. [477] Louis XV. used part of the materials of the Maintenon Aqueduct to construct a _château_ for Madame de Pompadour, which has since been demolished.--T. [478] Paul Duc de Noailles (1802-1885) took his scat in the Upper House in 1827. In 1830, he took the oath to Louis-Philippe, but employed all his oratorical power in favour of the alleviation of the laws against the exiled Bourbons of the Elder Branch and kindred subjects. He retired into private life after the Revolution of 1848. In 1849, he was elected to the French Academy on the strength of some historical works of no particular merit and of not the slightest originality. The Duc de Noailles was Ambassador to St. Petersburg for two or three months from May to July 1871.--T. [479] Langhome's PLUTARCH: _Julius Cæsar._--T. [480] Mademoiselle de Beauvilliers Saint-Aignan, later Princesse de Chalais-Périgord (_vide infra_, p. 245).--T. [481] The distance from Rambouillet to Maintenon is about 13 miles.--T. [482] Alice de Rochechouart-Mortemart, Duchesse de Noailles (1800-1887), married to the Duc de Noailles in 1823.--T. [483] _Cf._ Vol. V., p. 153.--T. [484] Paul Duc de Beauvilliers (1648-1714), a soldier and statesman of austere virtue, was, in 1685, appointed President of the Board of Finance and governor to the Duc de Bourgogne, Louis XIV.'s grandson, and his brothers, the Duc d'Anjou, afterwards Philip V. King of Spain, and Charles Duc de Berry. Beauvilliers took Fénelon to assist him and the two became very firm friends. He survived the death of the Duc de Bourgogne by only two years.--T. [485] _Cf._ Vol. II., pp. 71-72. The "books" are numbered differently in the original edition of the Memoirs.--T.