[117] Pietro Paolo Sarpi (1552-1623), known as Fra Paola and surnamed Servita, a noted Venetian historian, entered the Order of the Servites in 1565. In 1570, he was made professor of philosophy in the Servite Monastery in Venice. He was distinguished, in the controversy with Pope Paul V. (1606-1607), as the champion of free thought. His chief work is the _Istoria del Concilio di Trento_, published in London in 1619. Fra Paolo was a member of the Council of Ten and consulting theologian to the Venetian Republic.--T. [118] _Cf._ VOL I., p. 76.--T. [119] _Cf._ Vol. I., p. 236.--T. [120] The _gazetta_ was a Venetian coin, worth about three farthings, the sum charged for a reading of the first Venetian newspaper, a written sheet which appeared about the middle of the sixteenth century during the war with Soliman II.--T. [121] Aldus Manutius (_circa_ 1450-1515), the celebrated printer and founder of the Aldine Press in Venice; his son, Paulus Manutius (1511-1574); and the latter's son, Aldus Manutius the Younger (1547-1597). All three were distinguished Classical scholars as well as noted printers.--T. [122] Antonio Franconi (1738-1836), a native of Venice, began life as a tumbler and travelling physician. Afterwards he instituted bull-fights in Lyons and, later, at Bordeaux; and, lastly, went into partnership, in 1783, with Astley, the English circus-proprietor, who had opened a theatrical riding-school in Paris, and founded the circus which he called the Cirque Olympique and which obtained a prodigious success.--T. [123] The Veneti were an ancient Celtic people living in Brittany, near the coast of the Bay of Biscay. They were subdued by Cæsar, after a severe maritime war, in 56 B.C.--T. [124] A people dwelling near the head of the Adriatic, between the Po and the Adige.--T. [125] Vannes, or, in Breton, Gwened is the capital of the Department of Morbihan and is the ancient Civitas Venetorum, the capital of the Veneti.--T. [126] _Cornu Galliæ_, Cornouailles, Cornwall.--T. [127] Madame Adélaïde (1732-1800) and Madame Victoire (1733-1799), daughters of Louis XV.--T. [128] Geoffroi de Villehardouin (_circa_ 1160--_circa_ 1215), the author of a famous chronicle: _Histoire de la conquête de Constantinople, ou Chronique des empereurs Baudouin et Henri de Constantinople._ Villehardouin's Chronicle is not only trustworthy from an historical point of view, but is even more deserving for its literary excellence, while being one of the oldest monuments of original French prose. The Fourth Crusade, in which Villehardouin took part, left Venice in October 1203.--T. [129] ROUSSEAU: _Confessions_, Part I., Book VII.--T. [130] The baker's wife.--T. [131] M. de Montaigu.--T.