restore whatever else he held in that kingdom except the said duchies. But the English absolutely refused to do any homage, and they suffered extremely by it afterwards; for, being forsaken by the house of Burgundy, they soon lost their time, and their influence in that kingdom daily declined, and dwindled at last to nothing. Soon afterwards they lost Paris, and by little and little all they were possessed of in France. Upon their return into England not one of the English lords thought of lessening his estate; and the whole revenue of the kingdom was not sufficient to satisfy them all. Wars arose among them for command and authority, which lasted a long time, and in which Henry VI. (who had been crowned King of England and France at Paris) was declared a traitor and imprisoned in the Tower of London[115], where he continued the greatest part of his life, and was at last put to death. The Duke of York[116], father of Edward IV., lately dead, proclaimed himself king[117], but in a few days he was beaten and slain; and the heads of all that were killed in the battle were cut off; and, among the slain, was the father[118] of the late Earl of Warwick, who was so famous in England. This last Earl of Warwick[119] conveyed the Earl of March (since called King Edward) to Calais by sea, with some few forces which remained of that battle[120]: the Earl of Warwick espoused the interest of the House of York, and the Duke of Somerset[121] that of Lancaster; but the civil wars lasted so long, that all those of the houses of Warwick and Somerset were either slain in battle or lost their heads. King Edward caused his brother the Duke of Clarence[122], to be drowned in a pipe of malmsey, charging him with a design of endeavouring to dethrone him; but after King Edward’s death, his second brother, the Duke of Gloucester[123], caused his two sons to be murdered, declared his daughters to be illegitimate, and had himself crowned king.