The Boatswain should be something more than an able seaman, as the term is known today. Steamers do not carry a sailmaker, and the Boatswain should be able to sew a seam, sew on a bolt rope, and fit and cut an awning, or a staysail. He should understand something about rigging—the splicing of wire ropes—the turning in of thimbles—the making and rigging of lifeboat sails (most of them on merchant vessels are an abomination). +Boatswain's Orders.+ A small book of Boatswains' Orders, filled out by the Chief Mate helps to keep things straight and the work on deck progressing. This is specially necessary where the Chief Mate stands a bridge watch and may be turned in for a part of the day. +Stands By.+ The Boatswain or his Mate, whoever is on deck, should always "stand by" for an emergency call from the bridge, to attend to any work that the officer of the watch may wish to have done. CHAPTER XXIII ABLE SEAMEN The able seaman of the present is an elusive bird who draws twice as much pay as the Chief Mate of a three-skysail-yarder earned in the slack days of the past, and his knowledge of seamanship is in the ratio of nothing to everything. The modern A.B. just is; he arrives at the office of the Shipping Commissioner, when the crew sign on, and he is there when they pay off, that is, if he has not become tired of travel, while on the voyage, and stopped off for rest in foreign ports. However, better days are dawning for the men of the sea; official recognition of the seaman, is carrying with it certain requirements as to real ability. Higher standards bring with them increased respect and less friction between officers and men. No mate, worthy of the name, will find fault with a man who can "surge" a ten-inch manila line when springing a vessel around a pier, or who can turn a splice into a wire mooring line—any seaman worthy of his pay should be able to do such things and many others—the official standards, as set forth in a Department of Commerce circular follow: ABLE SEAMEN _Department of Commerce Circular No. 264_ By virtue of the authority conferred by section 13, of the act approved March 4, 1915, which provides "That upon examination, under rules prescribed by the Department of Commerce as to eyesight, hearing, physical condition, and knowledge of the duties of seamanship a person found competent may be rated as able seaman after having served on deck twelve months at sea, or on the Great Lakes," the following regulations are prescribed for determining the knowledge of the duties of seamanship of such persons who make application for examination for a certificate of service as able seaman: