It still remains possible that the choice of any particular good, thus
defined as an object of pursuit, may be on the whole bad, on account
of its concomitants and consequences; even though the particular
result when attained is not found other than it was imagined in the
condition of previous desire. If, therefore, in seeking a definition
of ‘ultimate Good’ we mean ‘good on the whole,’ we have--following the
line of thought of the preceding paragraph--to express its relation to
Desire differently. In the first place we have to limit our view to
desire which becomes practical in volition; as I may still regard as
desirable results which I judge it on the whole imprudent to aim at.
But, even with this limitation, the relation of my ‘good on the whole’
to my desire is very complicated. For it is not even sufficient to say
that my Good on the whole is what I should actually desire and seek if
all the consequences of seeking it could be foreknown and adequately
realised by me in imagination at the time of making my choice. No doubt
an equal regard for all the moments of our conscious experience--so
far, at least, as the mere difference of their position in time is
concerned--is an essential characteristic of rational conduct. But the
mere fact, that a man does not afterwards feel for the consequences of
an action aversion strong enough to cause him to regret it, cannot be
accepted as a complete proof that he has acted for his ‘good on the
whole.’ Indeed, we commonly reckon it among the worst consequences
of some kinds of conduct that they alter men’s tendencies to desire,
and make them desire their lesser good more than their greater: and
we think it all the worse for a man--even in this world--if he is
never roused out of such a condition and lives till death the life of
a contented pig, when he might have been something better. To avoid
this objection, it would have to be said that a man’s future good on
the whole is what he would now desire and seek on the whole if all
the consequences of all the different lines of conduct open to him
were accurately foreseen and adequately realised in imagination at the
present point of time.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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