It should, however, be observed that even when it is beyond our
power to realise virtue immediately at will, we recognise a duty of
cultivating it and seeking to develop it: and this duty of cultivation
extends to all virtuous habits or dispositions in which we are found
to be deficient, so far as we can thus increase our tendency to do the
corresponding acts in future; however completely such acts may on each
occasion be within the control of the will. It is true that for acts of
this latter kind, so far as they are perfectly deliberate, we do not
seem to need any special virtuous habits; if only we have knowledge of
what is right and best to be done, together with a sufficiently strong
wish to do it.[181] But, in order to fulfil our duties thoroughly,
we are obliged to act during part of our lives suddenly and without
deliberation: on such occasions there is no room for moral reasoning,
and sometimes not even for explicit moral judgment; so that in order to
act virtuously, we require such particular habits and dispositions as
are denoted by the names of the special virtues: and it is a duty to
foster and develop these in whatever way experience shows this to be
possible.
The complicated relation of virtue to duty, as above determined, must
be borne in mind throughout the discussion of the particular virtues,
to which I shall proceed in the following chapters. But, as we have
seen, the main part of the manifestation of virtue in conduct consists
in voluntary actions, which it is within the power of any individual
to do--so far as they are recognised by him as right,--and which
therefore come within our definition of Duty, as above laid down; it
will not therefore be necessary, during the greater part of the ensuing
discussion, to distinguish between principles of virtuous conduct and
principles of duty; since the definitions of the two will coincide.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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