The question whether all desire has in some degree the quality of pain,
is one of psychological rather than ethical interest;[50] so long as
it is admitted that it is often not painful in any degree comparable
to its intensity as desire, so that its volitional impulse cannot be
explained as a case of aversion to its own painfulness. At the same
time, so far as my experience goes, I have no hesitation in answering
the question in the negative. Consider again the case of hunger; I
certainly do not find hunger as an element of my normal life at all
a painful feeling: it only becomes painful when I am in ill health,
or when the satisfaction of the appetite is abnormally delayed. And,
generally speaking, any desire that is not felt to be thwarted in
its primary impulse to actions tending to its satisfaction, is not
only not itself a painful feeling--even when this attainment is still
remote--but is often an element of a state of consciousness which
as a whole is highly pleasurable. Indeed, the pleasures afforded by
the consciousness of eager activity, in which desire is an essential
element, constitute a considerable item in the total enjoyment of
life. It is almost a commonplace to say that such pleasures, which
we may call generally the pleasures of Pursuit, are more important
than the pleasures of Attainment: and in many cases it is the prospect
of the former rather than of the latter that induces us to engage in
a pursuit. In such cases it is peculiarly easy to distinguish the
desire to attain the object pursued, from a desire of the pleasure of
attainment: since the attainment only becomes pleasant in prospect
because the pursuit itself stimulates a desire for what is pursued.
Take, for example, the case of any game which involves--as most games
do--a contest for victory. No ordinary player before entering on such
a contest, has any desire for victory in it: indeed he often finds
it difficult to imagine himself deriving gratification from such
victory, before he has actually engaged in the competition. What he
deliberately, before the game begins, desires is not victory, but
the pleasant excitement of the struggle for it; only for the full
development of this pleasure a transient desire to win the game is
generally indispensable. This desire, which does not exist at first, is
stimulated to considerable intensity by the competition itself: and in
proportion as it is thus stimulated both the mere contest becomes more
pleasurable, and the victory, which was originally indifferent, comes
to afford a keen enjoyment.
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