The mighty deep : $b and what we know of itGiberne, Agnes
Science
The mighty deep : $b and what we know of it
Giberne, Agnes
Marine biology; Nature study
Not everywhere equally. Here may be found a wonderful richness of
animal-life. There the explorer may alight on a barren region. Yet even
those parts more scantily supplied need not be always thus. Living
creatures in vast hordes, in enormous companies, drift to and fro, rise
upwards and sink downwards; and the district which to-day seems almost
devoid of life may to-morrow be thronged with active beings.
The Ocean’s inhabitants have been roughly divided into three Classes--
Deep-Sea Life, Intermediate Ocean Life, and Surface Ocean Life.
The first of these includes all animals which crawl upon the sea-bed,
or which live within about three hundred fathoms of it.
The second includes all animals which live between about three
hundred fathoms of the sea-bottom and three hundred fathoms of the
ocean-surface.
The third includes all animals which live within three hundred fathoms
of the surface, and those on shallow shores.
By far the greater number of living creatures appear to inhabit the
surface regions; and it may be that the next in number are those on and
near the ocean-bed. This, however, is uncertain. It is difficult to
judge about the intermediate depths. All creatures living there must be
extremely good swimmers, and they are very shy of nets.
We cannot readily picture to ourselves the manner of life which goes
on in those intermediate parts. Creatures there have, as it seems,
no connection with either the ocean-bed or with shallow shores--no
resting-place to which they may turn--in short, no home. Though one may
not realise the fact, few animals within our ken have not something in
the shape of a home, a _pied à terre_, to use a familiar term, though
that “terre” may be under water.
The very idea of a life spent always in swimming or floating through
boundless depths, never touching firm ground, having no kind of home or
retreat, suggests vagabondage, and sounds disconsolate.
It may be that the difficulty is at least partly met by those great
floating banks of living creatures which are often found.
Diatom-Banks have been already spoken of. But other animals of larger
growth also band together, forming vast companies. To each individual
in such a congeries the Floating Bank would be a home. It would matter
little to that individual whether the bank as a whole floated here or
drifted there, whether it rose at night to the surface of the sea, or
whether in daytime it sank lower to escape from the sun’s glare.
Many such banks of life belong strictly to the Surface Class rather
than to the Intermediate. But the want of a home applies equally to all
creatures who live a free and roving life in the Ocean, unattached to
shore or to sea-bed, whether they live above or below the three-hundred
fathom limit.
Another puzzling question has been as to how deep-sea creatures are
fed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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