It appears from this consideration that the most important practical questions relating to the negro problem have reference to the mulattoes and other mixed bloods,—to their physical types, their mental and moral qualities, and their vitality. When the bulky literature of this subject is carefully sifted, little remains that will endure serious criticism; and I do not believe that I claim too much when I say that the whole work on this subject remains to be done. The development of modern methods of research makes it certain that by careful inquiry definite answers to our problems may be found. Is it not, then, our plain duty to inform ourselves, that, so far as that can be done, deliberate consideration of observations may take the place of heated discussion of beliefs in matters that concern not only ourselves, but also the welfare of millions of negroes? * * * * * I hope the discussions contained in these pages have shown that the data of anthropology teach us a greater tolerance of forms of civilization different from our own, and that we should learn to look upon foreign races with greater sympathy, and with the conviction, that, as all races have contributed in the past to cultural progress in one way or another, so they will be capable of advancing the interests of mankind, if we are only willing to give them a fair opportunity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ NOTES Page 8. A general presentation of these data will be found in F. RATZEL, History of Mankind; SOPHUS MÜLLER, Urgeschichte Europas. Page 9. A. PENCK, “Das Alter des Menschengeschlechtes” (_Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, vol. xl, pp. 390 _et seq._); PENCK AND BRÜCKNER, Die Alpen im Eiszeitalter (Leipzig). Page 10. TH. WAITZ, Anthropologie der Naturvölker (2d ed.), vol. i, p. 381. Page 13. GEORG GERLAND, Das Aussterben der Naturvölker; F. RATZEL, Anthropogeographie, vol. ii, pp. 330 _et seq._ Page 14. 1. HENRY BARTH, Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa (2d ed., London, 1857-1858), vol. ii, pp. 253 _et seq._; vol. iii, pp. 425 _et seq._, 528 _et seq._; vol. iv, pp. 406 _et seq._, 579 _et seq._ 2. GUSTAV NACHTIGAL, Sahărâ und Sûdân, vol. ii, pp. 391 _et seq._, 691 _et seq._; vol. iii, pp. 270 _et seq._, 355 _et seq._ Page 16. MARY WHITE OVINGTON, Half a Man, the Status of the Negro in New York (New York, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1911). Page 18. 1. ROBERT BENNETT BEAN, “On a Racial Peculiarity in the Brain of the Negro” (_American Journal of Anatomy_, vol. iv [1905]). 2. Fr. P. MALL, “On Several Anatomical Characters of the Human Brain, said to vary according to Race and Sex, etc.” (_Ibid._, vol. ix, pp. 1-32). Page 21.