Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
We find, however, in the list of castles
held by Hubert at his fall in 1232 only four out of the seven which he
had held in 1223: the Tower, Dover, Rochester, and Canterbury.[954]
The first seems never to have been taken from him.[955] Rochester was
re-committed to him on 26th March, 1225,[956] and Dover not much later,
perhaps even earlier.[957] The delivery of Canterbury to the Archbishop
may never have been enforced; but it is equally possible that Hubert
may not have regained the custody of this castle till after Stephen’s
death, in 1228.[958] This evidence, though not sufficient to determine
precisely how much of truth or of error is contained either in Falkes’s
assertion or in Ralf’s, does suffice to show that neither the baron’s
version of the matter nor the chronicler’s is altogether exact.
[Sidenote: 1224]
Some at least of the deprived castellans, however, who had probably
hoped for speedy re-instatement, were disappointed at not getting
it,[959] and not less disappointed at the failure of the attempt to
oust Hubert from the justiciarship. The nobler spirits among the
malcontents seem to have fallen back, almost immediately after the
surrender at Northampton, upon a more pacific and legitimate expedient
for curbing his masterfulness and guarding themselves against the
danger of government by “unjust laws.” On the octave of Epiphany,
when the court reassembled in London, the King “was requested by the
Archbishop of Canterbury and other magnates to confirm the liberties
and free customs for which war had been waged against his father.”[960]
The King’s _quasi_-majority afforded an obvious occasion for such a
request. The Great Charter had been twice renewed in his name, but at
a time when he was too young to understand the responsibilities to
which it pledged him. Now that he was recognized as “a man in wisdom
and understanding,” personally answerable for “the disposition of his
realm,” he might fairly be asked to grant a new confirmation of the
Charter, which those who asked for it doubtless hoped would be an end
of all strife. It was only natural that on this matter Stephen de
Langton should be spokesman; and he spoke urgently, pleading that the
King “could not evade doing this, since at the departure of Louis he
and all the nobility of the realm with him had sworn that they would
all observe, and cause to be observed by all others, the liberties
written down aforetime.” William Brewer took upon himself to answer
for the King: “The liberties which ye ask for ought rightly not to be
observed, because they were extorted by violence.” “William,” exclaimed
the Archbishop, “if you loved the King, you would not thus stand in the
way of the peace of his realm.” Then, says the chronicler, “the King,
seeing the Archbishop moved to anger, said: ‘These liberties we have
all sworn, and what we have sworn we are all bound to observe.’”[961]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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