Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
In Henry’s insular dominions the political storms of 1224 had been
succeeded by a period of calm. The Welsh and Irish Marches were both
of them in a most unusual state of tranquillity. Henry’s long promised
and oft deferred conference with Llywelyn about the amends due for
the Welsh raid of January, 1223, seems to have taken place at last at
the end of September, 1224,[1177] and--strangely enough--resulted in
Llywelyn’s receiving seisin of Kinnerley.[1178] Another conference,
probably for the settlement of matters in dispute between Llywelyn and
the Marshal and between Llywelyn and Hugh de Mortimer, was planned and
postponed several times within the next eighteen months, and seems
not to have taken place till 27th August, 1226.[1179] On that day,
at Shrewsbury, Hugh de Mortimer “and others” again, in the King’s
presence, demanded of Llywelyn the restoration of the lands which he
had taken from them. Llywelyn asked the King for another day, and Henry
gave him one at Whitchurch on 25th October.[1180] The result does not
appear, unless it is indicated in a statement of the Dunstable annalist
that “in the same year (1226) agreement was made between Llywelyn
and William the Marshal and the Earl of Chester.”[1181] But from the
fact that throughout the years 1225–1227 the Welsh chroniclers make
no boast, and the English ones no complaint, of any infraction of the
peace on the part of Llywelyn or his men, we may safely conclude that
the English successes in 1223 had had something more than a merely
transitory effect.[1182] The Earl Marshal had landed at Waterford as
chief Justiciar in Ireland on 19th June, 1224. At the beginning of
August he sent home to the King an encouraging report of the state of
affairs in the March.[1183] In October his hands were strengthened for
the work which he had been specially sent to do--the subjugation of
Hugh de Lacy--by the appointment of his cousin John Marshal as bailiff
of Ulster.[1184] One by one Hugh’s strongholds were captured; at last,
in spring, 1225, Hugh himself surrendered, and was sent by the Earl to
England as a prisoner to beg for the King’s mercy and pardon. Henry
at first would have nothing to do with him; but the Marshal, coming
over soon afterwards, pleaded for him, and, apparently, suggested a
temporary settlement which was carried into effect[1185] in May. Two
hundred marks, to be paid in instalments, beginning from the Easter
last past, were granted to Hugh from the royal treasury for his support
during the current year.[1186] Walter de Lacy was given seisin of
“all his lands in Ireland and England which the King had seized on
occasion of the war with Hugh,” the Marshal being one of his sureties
for the payment of the fine.[1187] Twelve months later the custody of
all Hugh’s lands in Ireland was committed to Walter to hold for three
years, unless within that period Hugh should by the King’s grace obtain
their restoration to himself.[1188] Six weeks after this, on Midsummer
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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