Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
The irretrievable blunder which the Great Council had committed at
Christmas, 1224, in making a bargain with the Crown for a renewal of
the Charters, was already bringing forth its fruit.
Archbishop Stephen’s prohibition to the commissioners in Kent was
probably dictated by caution; certainly not by unwillingness to help
in supplying the needs of the Crown. The Pope, on 3rd February, wrote
to the English prelates and clergy exhorting them to make collections
in their several dioceses for the King, but to take care that the
proceeds went “for useful and necessary purposes,” not in “superfluous
and vain expenses,” and that this collection should not be made a
precedent.[1204] When this letter reached England Stephen bade his
suffragans urge their clergy to obey it by contributing an aid out of
such of their property as was exempt from the fifteenth, and also to
pay up their share of that tax, but to take care that whatever money
they gave was kept safe till further orders.[1205] Their compliance
with these exhortations was made none the easier by the arrival, just
before Christmas, of a papal messenger, Master Otto, and his presence
in England during the next four months. The expenses which fell upon
persons who went on business to the Roman Court were a subject of
general complaint; Honorius proposed that this should be remedied
by the reservation of a prebend in every cathedral and collegiate
church, and a certain proportion of the revenue of every bishop and
every religious house in all the realms of Latin Christendom, for the
Apostolic See, so that the Pope and the officers of his court might
have sufficient means to dispense with the need of charging such heavy
fees.[1206] A council assembled at Bourges on S. Andrew’s day[1207]
opposed this project so strongly that Cardinal Romanus decided to urge
it no further in France till it should be accepted in the Empire,
England, and Spain.[1208] In England, whither the Pope’s demand was
carried by Otto, the need of consulting all the estates of the realm,
and the King’s illness in January, 1226, served as reasons or excuses
for deferring a decision till the middle of April. Then, according to
one account, the King and the prelates followed the cautious example
of their French brethren, saying they would wait to see how other
countries would deal with the question; or, according to another
authority, they answered that in any case England ought to be free from
such an exaction, by reason of her annual tribute to the Pope.[1209]
But that tribute was heavily in arrear, and obviously it was not to
be expected that either Otto or Honorius would be satisfied till the
arrears were paid up. This, therefore, had to be done, and a sum of
over fifteen hundred marks went with Otto back to Rome.[1210] All
this while Otto’s long stay had been adding to the financial burdens
of the English clergy, for a papal envoy was entitled to claim from
every cathedral and collegiate church procurations to the amount of
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