Great Britain -- History -- Henry III, 1216-1272; Henry III, King of England, 1207-1272
The first judicial eyre of the new reign seems to have been held very
soon after the second issue of the Charter, and to have had for one
of its objects the administering of the oath of fealty to the King’s
subjects in general. To one district, at least, there went six justices
itinerant before whom the knights and other free men swore that they
would keep the peace of the Church, the King, and the realm, and would
help and defend all persons who were willing to keep it likewise; that
they would obey all “reasonable” commands of the King, and uphold the
royal rights, and hold the good laws and customs of the realm; that
if any man should presume to contravene the same, they would at the
bidding of the King and his council come together faithfully in force
and amend the matter to the utmost of their power; that “neither for
hatred, nor favour, nor fear” would they fail to keep their fealty;
that they would do and receive justice according to the reasonable
customs and laws of England; that no previous or subsequent oath should
hinder their observance of all these things; and that “in all these
things they would support the Marshal.”[427]
The various dependencies of the English Crown had next to be secured.
Alexander of Scotland had taken advantage of the troubles in England
to seize the town and castle of Carlisle. As early as 23rd September,
1217, the Marshal peremptorily demanded restitution of these and of the
other lands and the prisoners taken by Alexander during the war; and
at the same time he bade the prelates and magnates of the North, if
Alexander did not immediately comply with the demand, give the sheriff
of Cumberland their “efficient aid and counsel” in forcing him to do
so.[428] Alexander seems to have yielded at once. The Marshal had a
hold over him; the English honour of Huntingdon, which the Scot Kings
had held since 1136 and which they dearly prized, was in the hand of
King Henry. On 6th November an escort was ordered to meet Alexander at
Berwick on S. Andrew’s day and bring him “to speak with us and do to
us what he ought to do.”[429] The meeting seems to have taken place
on 17th or 18th December at Northampton;[430] on the 19th Alexander,
having done his homage, received seisin of his English lands,[431] and
a safe-conduct till Candlemas Day for his journey home.[432]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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