The mathematicians still objected. It was no longer a question of
force. But the theory of probability, they said, made it almost
unreasonable to suppose that a collision or near collision could
actually have happened within the lifetime of the sun. So astronomers
set to work again, some of them to lengthen the past life of the sun,
others to bring the stars in general closer together so as to increase
the risks of collision. Both parties succeeded admirably. Jeans himself
published a calculation which made the sun a million million years
of age--seven thousand times older than any other calculation had
ever made it. There were now seven thousand times more chances of a
collision having taken place than there had been when he started.
Others (you may read an account of their observations in an article
on the Spiral Nebulæ, by C. Wirtz, in _Scientia_, November, 1925),
discovered that when you look long enough and deep enough into the gulf
of space (about three hundred thousand light-years is as far as you
need to go), it looks as if all matter were outward bound, and moving
faster and faster all the time. Therefore the stars used to be much
more thickly placed here around home than they are now. A collision
becomes easy to imagine.
But why is matter going away from here? Apparently for the same reason
that rats leave a sinking ship. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, ought
to be five times more thickly settled with stars. As things stand, it
is much too light for its size. It cannot hold itself together and is
being deserted by its outer fringe of suns all the time. Nor is this
the worst of it. The very matter of our solar system is fifty-two times
less dense than it should be. Its critical point--that is, the point
where it will fly to pieces at the slightest provocation--has long
since been passed. Some day, a few million years hence, when you get up
in the morning the morning is likely not to be there. This is not such
a good story to tell to the children.
Nor is the situation any better if you turn your back to the stars, and
look at those little stars within things which we call atoms. Very much
to the contrary. Some meteorologists created considerable consternation
a few years ago by prophesying that one of the glacial epochs, probably
the last one, was coming back to play a return engagement--decidedly
not by request. But what is a glacial epoch or two compared with atoms
in the state ours are in?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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