This physiology of the passenger terminal has dwelt so far upon its brain
and its nerve structure; the anatomy is hardly less interesting. Almost
every great passenger terminal in America is built upon the head-house
plan. In this scheme trains arrive and depart upon a series of parallel
tracks terminating within some sort of train-shed. It is the ideal scheme
from the standpoint of the passenger, for no stairs or bridges or subways
are necessary to reach any track. The tracks are generally laid in pairs,
and between each pair a broad platform is built, which is in reality a
long-armed extension of a common distributing platform or concourse
extending across the head of the tracks. Sometimes these extension
platforms are laid on both sides of a single track for greater facility in
handling baggage and for the quick unloading of heavy trains.
But in case any number of trains are to be operated through the terminal,
the head-house scheme becomes impracticable and an abomination to the
operating department. It makes necessary all manner of backing and turning
trains and a tremendous amount of energy and time is spent in so doing. So
we find the head-house stations--the real terminals of America--for the
most part along the seaboard or at the termination of really important
railroad routes. They are an expensive luxury at any other point.
At the outer end of the train-shed, its tracks begin to converge. They are
in rough similarity to the sticks of an open fan and at the handle they
are reduced to anywhere from two to eight main tracks, the connections
with the through tracks that serve the station. The point of convergence
is known to the towerman and all the other workers as the "throat" of the
yard. It is by far the most important point of the terminal, and is the
usual location of the control tower, with its authority over several
hundred switches and signals.
Upon the number of main tracks in this "throat" depends the capacity of
the terminal, quite as much as the number of tracks in the train-shed or
the size of any other of its facilities. If there are as many as eight
tracks in this "throat"--an unusual number--the signals and switches will
probably be arranged so that in the morning five tracks may be used for
the rush of incoming business, and three tracks for outgoing business,
while in the late afternoon conditions are exactly reversed, five tracks
being used for hurrying the suburbanites homeward, three for the lesser
business incoming to the terminal. With four tracks in the "throat"--a
usual number--three may be used in the direction of the volume of greatest
business. Each of these tracks is like a separate entrance to the
terminal, and when five are open from the train-shed simultaneously, as in
this first case, five outgoing trains may be started simultaneously from
as many tracks.
In this connection, a comparative table of the capacity of several of the
largest American passenger terminals may not be without interest:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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